The impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on the future dynamics of endemic infections

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(48), P. 30547 - 30553

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

Significance Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, reduce not only COVID-19 cases but also other circulating infections influenza and RSV. The susceptible population for these will increase while NPIs are in place. Using models fit to historic of RSV influenza, we project large future outbreaks both diseases may occur following a period extended NPIs. These outbreaks, which reach peak numbers the winter, could burden healthcare systems.

Language: Английский

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A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64, P. 101174 - 101174

Published: Sept. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Tools and Techniques for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 Detection

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: May 11, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Efficient diagnostic tools are in high demand, as rapid large-scale testing plays a pivotal role patient management decelerating spread.

Language: Английский

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Intracellular Pathogens: Host Immunity and Microbial Persistence Strategies

Journal of Immunology Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2019, P. 1 - 24

Published: April 14, 2019

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide World Health Organization. Despite tremendous improvements in global public health since 1950, a number challenges remain to either prevent or eradicate infectious diseases. Many can acute infections that effectively cleared host immunity, but subcategory these called “intracellular pathogens” establish persistent sometimes lifelong infections. Several intracellular manage evade immune monitoring disease replicating inside cells. These have evolved diverse escape strategies overcome responses residing multiplying cells, primarily macrophages. While phylogenetically engage evasion persistence strategies, they share common pathogen type-specific mechanisms during host-pathogen interaction Likewise, system is also equipped with range effector functions fight against establishment subsequent damage. This article provides an overview used counter various which enables their extended period colonization host. The improved understanding pathogen-derived will contribute develop diagnostics, therapeutics, prophylactics.

Language: Английский

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Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 16, 2020

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first detected in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly since December 2019, causing more than 100,000 confirmed infections and 4000 fatalities (as of 10 March 2020). The outbreak been declared a pandemic by the WHO on Mar 11, 2020. Here, we explore how seasonal variation transmissibility could modulate SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from routine diagnostics show strong consistent four endemic coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43) parameterise our model for using these data. allows many subpopulations different size with variable parameters. Simulations scenarios that plausible parameters result small peak early 2020 temperate regions Northern Hemisphere larger winter 2020/2021. Variation transmission migration rates can substantial prevalence between regions. While uncertainty is large, transient reductions incidence rate might be due to combination infection control efforts but do not necessarily mean epidemic contained. Seasonal forcing should thus taken into account further monitoring global transmission. likely aggregated effect variation, measures, prolonged wave lower at any given time, thereby providing window opportunity better preparation health care systems.

Language: Английский

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Stochastic processes constrain the within and between host evolution of influenza virus

eLife, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 23, 2018

The evolutionary dynamics of influenza virus ultimately derive from processes that take place within and between infected individuals. Here we define in human hosts through sequencing 249 specimens 200 individuals collected over 6290 person-seasons observation. Because these viruses were a prospective community-based cohort, they are broadly representative natural infections with seasonal viruses. Consistent neutral model evolution, sequence data 49 serially sampled illustrated the dynamic turnover synonymous nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants provided little evidence for positive selection antigenic variants. We also identified 43 genetically-validated transmission pairs this cohort. Maximum likelihood optimization multiple models estimated an effective bottleneck 1–2 genomes. Our suggest is inefficient at level individual host stochastic dominate host-level evolution

Language: Английский

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The next phase of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance: real-time molecular epidemiology

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1518 - 1524

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid‐19, and other viral infections

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: April 21, 2020

Summary There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive cellular changes underpin their control function. We review pathway role viral infections, emphasizing influenza covid‐19 infections. Viral, or preexistent, suppression melatonin disinhibits neutrophil attraction, thereby contributing to initial “cytokine storm”, as well other immune cells. Melatonin induces circadian gene, Bmal1, which pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), countering inhibition Bmal1/PDC. PDC drives mitochondrial conversion acetyl‐coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA), increasing tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production. Pineal attenuates this, preventing “resetting” metabolism. This especially relevant cells, where shifting metabolism from glycolytic switches cells reactive quiescent phenotypes. Acetyl‐CoA necessary cosubstrate for arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase, providing acetyl group serotonin, initiating pathway. Consequently, regulates cell phenotype. Virus‐ cytokine‐storm‐driven therefore responses. Virus‐and cytokine storm‐driven also increase gut permeability dysbiosis, suppressing levels short‐chain fatty acid, butyrate, circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The alterations butyrate LPS can promote replication host symptom severity via impacts on Focussing regulators has treatment implications

Language: Английский

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Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 31, 2022

Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza cause hundreds thousands deaths, high levels morbidity, and substantial economic loss. Yet, global circulation has been heavily suppressed by public health measures travel restrictions since the onset COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, B/Yamagata lineage not conclusively detected April 2020, A(H3N2), A(H1N1), B/Victoria viruses have circulated with considerably less genetic diversity. Travel largely confined regional outbreaks A(H3N2) to South Southeast Asia, China, A(H1N1) West Africa. Seasonal transmission lineages continue perish globally, except in these select hotspots, which will likely seed future epidemics. Waning population immunity sporadic case detection further challenge vaccine strain selection epidemic control. We offer a perspective on potential short- long-term evolutionary dynamics discuss consequences mitigation strategies as gradually returns pre-pandemic levels.

Language: Английский

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Influenza Antigen Engineering Focuses Immune Responses to a Subdominant but Broadly Protective Viral Epitope

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 827 - 835.e6

Published: May 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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