The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Circadian Typology: A Comprehensive Review

Chronobiology International, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 1153 - 1175

Published: Sept. 24, 2012

The interest in the systematic study of circadian typology (CT) is relatively recent and has developed rapidly two last decades.All existing data suggest that this individual difference affects our biological psychological functioning, not only health, but also disease.In present study, we review current literature concerning psychometric properties validity CT measures as well individual, environmental genetic factors influence CT.We a brief overview markers are used to define differences between groups (sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, cortisol, melatonin), assess implications for adjustment shift work jet-lag.We terms cognitive abilities, personality traits incidence psychiatric disorders.When necessary, have emphasized methodological limitations exist today suggested some future avenues order overcome these.This new field professionals many different areas (research, labor, academic, clinical) provides state art discussion allow integrate chronobiological aspects human behavior into their daily practice.

Language: Английский

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DeepSleepNet: A Model for Automatic Sleep Stage Scoring Based on Raw Single-Channel EEG

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 1998 - 2008

Published: June 28, 2017

The present study proposes a deep learning model, named DeepSleepNet, for automatic sleep stage scoring based on raw single-channel EEG. Most of the existing methods rely hand-engineered features which require prior knowledge analysis. Only few them encode temporal information such as transition rules, is important identifying next stages, into extracted features. In proposed we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks to extract time-invariant features, and bidirectional-Long Short-Term Memory learn rules among stages automatically from EEG epochs. We implement two-step training algorithm train our model efficiently. evaluated using different EEGs (F4-EOG(Left), Fpz-Cz Pz-Oz) two public datasets, that have properties (e.g., sampling rate) standards (AASM R&K). results showed achieved similar overall accuracy macro F1-score (MASS: 86.2%-81.7, Sleep-EDF: 82.0%-76.9) compared state-of-the-art 85.9%-80.5, 78.9%-73.7) both datasets. This demonstrated that, without changing architecture algorithm, could datasets utilizing any

Language: Английский

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More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 105(3), P. 221 - 229

Published: Jan. 28, 2012

Green space has been associated with a wide range of health benefits, including stress reduction, but much pertinent evidence relied on self-reported indicators or experiments in artificially controlled environmental conditions. Little research reported using ecologically valid objective measures participants their everyday, residential settings. This paper describes the results an exploratory study (n = 25) to establish whether salivary cortisol can act as biomarker for variation levels which may be varying exposure green spaces, and recruitment adherence required, unsupervised, sampling protocol within domestic setting could achieved highly deprived urban population. Self-reported general wellbeing were also captured, allowing exploration relationships between cortisol, close home. Results indicate significant (P < 0.01), diurnal patterns secretion 0.05), quantity living environment. Regression analysis indicates percentage environment is 0.05) independent predictor circadian cycle, addition physical activity 0.02). show that compliance was good. We conclude measurement offers considerable potential exploring discuss how this methodology developed confirm extend findings city areas illuminate why provision home might enhance health.

Language: Английский

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The sleep-deprived human brain

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 404 - 418

Published: May 18, 2017

Language: Английский

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Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 93(4), P. 747 - 765

Published: Feb. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101556 - 101556

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

The extent to which sleep is causally related mental health unclear.One way test the causal link evaluate interventions that improve quality also health.We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials reported effects an intervention improved on composite health, as well seven specific difficulties.65 comprising 72 and N ¼ 8608 participants were included.Improving led significant medium-sized effect (gþ¼À 0.53), depression 0.63), anxiety (gþ¼À0.51),and rumination (gþ¼À0.49),as small-to-medium sized stress (gþ¼À0.42),and finally small positive psychosis symptoms (gþ¼À0.26).We found dose response relationship, in greater improvements health.Our findings suggest experience difficulties.Future research might consider how could be incorporated into services, mechanisms action explain exerts health.

Language: Английский

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Sleep, insomnia, and depression

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 74 - 89

Published: May 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 628 - 637

Published: June 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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VTA dopaminergic neurons regulate ethologically relevant sleep–wake behaviors

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 1356 - 1366

Published: Sept. 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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