Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 179 - 195

Published: Sept. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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White matter changes in Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on myelin and oligodendrocytes

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 2, 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is conceptualized as a progressive consequence of two hallmark pathological changes in grey matter: extracellular amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, over the past several years, neuroimaging studies have implicated micro- macrostructural abnormalities white matter risk progression AD, suggesting that addition to neuronal pathology characteristic disease, degeneration demyelination may be also important pathophysiological features. Here we review evidence for AD with focus on myelin oligodendrocytes, only source myelination central nervous system, discuss relationship between hallmarks disease. We mechanisms such ischemia, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, iron overload, Aβ toxicity tauopathy, which could affect oligodendrocytes. conclude abnormalities, particular mechanistically potential treatment targets.

Language: Английский

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The development of brain white matter microstructure

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 207 - 218

Published: Jan. 3, 2018

Language: Английский

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The dysconnection hypothesis (2016)

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 176(2-3), P. 83 - 94

Published: July 21, 2016

Twenty years have passed since the dysconnection hypothesis was first proposed (Friston and Frith, 1995; Weinberger, 1993). In that time, neuroscience has witnessed tremendous advances: we now live in a world of non-invasive neuroanatomy, computational neuroimaging Bayesian brain. The genomics era come gone. Connectomics large-scale neuroinformatics initiatives are emerging everywhere. So where is now? This article considers how notion schizophrenia as syndrome developed - it been enriched by recent advances clinical neuroscience. particular, examine context (i) theoretical neurobiology psychiatry; (ii) empirical insights afforded associated connectomics (iii) bottom-up (molecular biology genetics) top-down (systems biology) perspectives converging on mechanisms nature dysconnections schizophrenia.

Language: Английский

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Ultrasound Neuromodulation: A Review of Results, Mechanisms and Safety

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 45(7), P. 1509 - 1536

Published: May 18, 2019

Ultrasonic neuromodulation is a rapidly growing field, in which low-intensity ultrasound (US) delivered to nervous system tissue, resulting transient modulation of neural activity. This review summarizes the findings central and peripheral systems from mechanistic studies cell culture cognitive behavioral humans. The mechanisms by US mechanically interacts with neurons could affect firing are presented. An in-depth safety assessment current shows that parameters for human fall within envelope imaging. Challenges associated accurately targeting monitoring response described. In conclusion, literature supports use as safe, non-invasive brain stimulation modality improved spatial localization depth compared alternative methods. neurostimulation has potential be used both scientific instrument investigate function therapeutic modulate

Language: Английский

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Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 683 - 695

Published: March 19, 2018

Language: Английский

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White Matter Plasticity in the Adult Brain

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(6), P. 1239 - 1251

Published: Dec. 1, 2017

The study of brain plasticity has tended to focus on the synapse, where well-described activity-dependent mechanisms are known play a key role in learning and memory. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that occurs beyond synapse. This review focuses emerging concept white matter plasticity. For example, there growing evidence, both from animal studies human neuroimaging, regulation myelin may learning. previously overlooked phenomenon provide complementary but powerful route through which experience shapes brain.

Language: Английский

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White matter and cognition: making the connection

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 116(5), P. 2093 - 2104

Published: Aug. 11, 2016

Whereas the cerebral cortex has long been regarded by neuroscientists as major locus of cognitive function, white matter brain is increasingly recognized equally critical for cognition. White comprises half brain, expanded more than gray in evolution, and forms an indispensable component distributed neural networks that subserve neurobehavioral operations. tracts mediate essential connectivity which human behavior organized, working concert with to enable extraordinary repertoire capacities. In this review, we present evidence from behavioral neurology lesions regularly disturb cognition, consider role physiology networks, develop hypothesis dysfunction relevant neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease newly described entity chronic traumatic encephalopathy, discuss emerging concepts regarding prevention treatment associated disorders. Investigation cognition yielded many valuable insights promises expand understanding normal structure improve disclose new opportunities research on challenging problems facing medicine society.

Language: Английский

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Disruption of Oligodendrogenesis Impairs Memory Consolidation in Adult Mice

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 105(1), P. 150 - 164.e6

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Apparent thinning of human visual cortex during childhood is associated with myelination

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(41), P. 20750 - 20759

Published: Sept. 23, 2019

Human cortex appears to thin during childhood development. However, the underlying microstructural mechanisms are unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), quantitative MRI (qMRI), and diffusion (dMRI) in children adults, we tested what changes occur gray white matter ventral temporal (VTC) from adulthood, how these relate cortical thinning. T1 relaxation time qMRI mean diffusivity (MD) dMRI provide independent complementary measurements of properties tissue. In face- character-selective regions lateral VTC, MD decreased age 5 adulthood mid deep cortex, as well their adjacent matter. reduction also occurred longitudinally children's brain regions. decreases 1) were consistent with tissue growth related myelination, which verified adult histological myelin stains, 2) correlated apparent contrast, place-selective medial found no development or after 5, thickness was morphology. These findings suggest that VTC likely becomes more myelinated affecting contrast MR images and, turn, gray-white boundary. important because they does not but instead gets myelinated. Our data have broad ramifications for understanding both typical atypical using advanced vivo clinical conditions implicating myelin.

Language: Английский

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