Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4051 - 4051

Published: April 5, 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity mortality. In past 10 years, importance of lung microbiota emerged in context pulmonary although mechanisms by which it impacts intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development lung. this review, we present an overview microbiome modifications occurring during infections, namely, reduced community diversity increased burden, downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, cytokines production, turn affecting progression outcome. Particularly, focus role gut–lung bidirectional communication shaping inflammation immunity context, resuming both animal human studies. Moreover, discuss challenges possibilities related novel microbial-based (probiotics dietary supplementation) microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies bacteriophages), aimed remodel composition resident communities restore health. Finally, propose outlook some relevant questions field be answered future research, may translational relevance for prevention control infections.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 16, 2024

Preclinical evidence has firmly established a bidirectional interaction among the lung, gut, and gut microbiome. There are many complex communication pathways between lung intestine, which affect each other's balance. Some metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms, immune cells, factors enter tissue through blood circulation participate in function. Altered gut-lung-microbiome interactions have been identified rodent models humans of several diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive disease, cancer, asthma, etc. Emerging suggests that microbial therapies can prevent treat respiratory diseases, but it is unclear whether this association simple correlation with pathological mechanisms disease or result causation. In review, we summarize critical link microbiota well influence mechanism on discuss role interventions prebiotics fecal bacteria transplantation diseases. To provide reference for rational design large-scale clinical studies, direct application therapy to respiratory-related reduce incidence severity accompanying complications.

Language: Английский

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Correlation between peripheral blood iNKT cell levels and exhaled NO in patients with allergic rhinitis

Human Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 86(2), P. 111255 - 111255

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Remodeling of T-cell mitochondrial metabolism to treat autoimmune diseases

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 103583 - 103583

Published: June 1, 2024

T cells are key drivers of the pathogenesis autoimmune diseases by producing cytokines, stimulating generation autoantibodies, and mediating tissue cell damage. Distinct mitochondrial metabolic pathways govern direction T-cell differentiation function rely on specific nutrients enzymes. Metabolic substrate uptake metabolism form foundational elements for activation, proliferation, differentiation, effector function, contributing to dynamic interplay between immunological signals in coordinating adaptive immunity. Perturbations availability enzyme activity may impair immunosuppressive fostering autoreactive responses disrupting immune homeostasis, ultimately disease pathogenesis. A growing body studies has explored how processes regulate diverse subsets such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), hepatitis (AIH), inflammatory bowel (IBD), psoriasis. This review describes coordination biology metabolism, including electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid fatty one‑carbon metabolism. study elucidated intricate crosstalk programs, signal transduction pathways, transcription factors. summarizes potential therapeutic targets signaling diseases, providing insights future studies.

Language: Английский

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CD2 expressing innate lymphoid and T cells are critical effectors of immunopathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(48)

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disease with poorly understood immunopathogenesis. Here, we report that HS lesional characterized by the expansion of innate lymphocytes and T cells expressing CD2, an essential activation receptor adhesion molecule. Lymphocytes elevated CD2 predominated unique spatial distribution throughout epidermis hypodermis in lesion. + were mainly NK cell marker, CD56, CD4 cells. Importantly, these interacted CD58 (LFA3) epidermal keratinocytes fibroblasts hypodermis. Granzyme A bright NKT (CD2 CD3 CD56 ) clustered α-SMA juxtaposed to epithelialized tunnels fibrotic regions Whereas dim perforin , granzymes B enriched adjacent hyperplastic follicular showing presence apoptotic The cytokines IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, which enhance maturation function significantly HS. Ex vivo explant cultures treated CD2:CD58 interaction-blocking anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody attenuated secretion cytokines/chemokines suppressed gene signature. Additionally, blockade altered miRNAs involved NK/NKT differentiation and/or function. In summary, show cellular network heterogenous populations drives inflammation critical pathobiology HS, including tunnel formation fibrosis. Finally, viable immunotherapeutic approach for effective management

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Causal Relationship Between 731 Immunocyte Phenotypes and Asthma Risk: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Environmental Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

ABSTRACT Growing evidence suggests an association between various immune cell phenotypes and the development of asthma. However, it is still not entirely clear whether specific might causally contribute to risk Despite further studies required validate this claim, our study delves deeper into explaining relationship paving way toward new therapeutic approaches. Our initial aim reveal causal 731 immunocyte asthma; a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed. We have investigated in asthma, using summary previously published GWAS. Conducting MR analysis, we interpreted potential causative them. analytical approaches included inverse variance‐weighted average, weighted median (WM) modeling, pattern‐based To ensure robustness accuracy findings, conducted sensitivity analyses employing MR‐PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, leave‐one‐out, MR‐Egger Additionally, reverse examine causality. revealed 43 immunophenotypes with connection asthma risk. Following Bonferroni correction identified four strong associations reliability, them being: HLA DR on DC (95% CI: 1.0008–1.0014, p = 4.26 × 10 −6 , FDR 2.21 −8 ), CD8 CD28− CD8br 1.0007–1.0020, 4.01 −5 ，FDR 5.70 −4 CD62L monocyte 0.9985–0.9995， 1.06 9.20 CD8br% leukocyte 1.0006–1.0019， 1.07 1.14 −3 ). confirmed large co‐inheritance all these immunophenotypes, which contribution development. In addition, that lack provides different phenotypes, are either beneficial or detrimental Given fact broad disease contains complex mechanisms, research may offer improved outcomes long‐term treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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CD1d‐iNKT Axis in Infectious Diseases: Lessons Learned From the Past

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 101(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT CD1d is an antigen‐presenting molecule that presents lipid or glycolipid antigens to i NKT cells, a distinct subset of T lymphocytes characterised by their innate‐like properties and restricted use V α , J β segments. The CD1d‐ axis represents interesting aspect the immune system with significant potential for therapeutic interventions against infectious diseases. Upon recognition antigens, cells initiate rapid potent responses, releasing diverse array cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐13, IFN‐γ etc. profoundly influence reactions various pathogens, including bacteria parasites, bridging innate adaptive immunity. We identify describe key features lipidic derivatives determine nature antigenicity. Furthermore, modulating CD1d‐driven cell responses holds promise adjunctive therapy existing antimicrobial treatments. Understanding complexities exploiting its in case diseases could lead innovative immunotherapeutic strategies, ushering new era immunotherapy pathogenic insults.

Language: Английский

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MAIT and iNKT cells in tissue homeostasis and repair

Immunobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 152917 - 152917

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(24), P. 5737 - 5737

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs), a type of unconventional cells, share features with NK and have an invariant cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes lipid antigens loaded on CD1d molecules, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like protein. This interaction produces the secretion wide array cytokines by these including interferon gamma (IFN-γ) interleukin 4 (IL-4), allowing iNKTs to link innate adaptive responses. Interestingly, molecules that bind been identified enable modulation highlighting their potential pro-inflammatory immunosuppressive capacities, as required in different clinical settings. In this review, we summarize key current understandings modulatory α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) variants, model iNKT activator can shift outcome immune Furthermore, discuss advances development strategies modulate target pathologies are considerable healthcare burdens. Finally, recapitulate findings supporting role for infectious diseases tumor immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Over-activation of iNKT cells aggravate lung injury in bronchopulmonary dysplasia mice

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 103370 - 103370

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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