Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota–gut–brain axis

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 222 - 247

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health disease, the microbiota is a key player communication these two distant organs. Yet, mechanisms through which influences development function of gut–brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis different compartments across this axis. These barriers include epithelial barrier, blood–brain barrier blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. ideally positioned to receive communicate microbial signals constituting gateway for gut–microbiota–brain communication. In Review, we focus on how modulation by can constitute an important channel Moreover, malfunction upon alterations composition could form basis various conditions, including often comorbid neurological gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, should unravelling molecular move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding barriers, especially during critical windows development, be aetiology The modulator This Review provides overview examines role disease.

Language: Английский

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The cortisol switch between vulnerability and resilience

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 20 - 34

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota–gut–brain axis perspective

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 601(20), P. 4491 - 4538

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout gut, although comparatively little known about effects acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced gut may increase susceptibility to disorders and infection, impact critical features neural behavioural response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding mechanisms behind enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, permeability, microbiota following an important research objective pathophysiological implications both neurogastroenterology psychiatry. Moreover, has emerged as a key aspect physiology sensitive In this review, we focus on different aspects tract including function well immune, humoral neuronal elements involved discuss evidence for role disorders. Existing gaps current literature are highlighted, possible avenues future integrated perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding spatial temporal dynamics host microbial kinds stressors will enable full exploitation diagnostic therapeutic potential fast-evolving field host-microbiome interactions.

Language: Английский

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Neurobiology and systems biology of stress resilience

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 104(3), P. 1205 - 1263

Published: March 14, 2024

Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery. Resilience research attempts unravel factors and mechanisms make possible harness its insights for development of preventative interventions in individuals at risk acquiring stress-related dysfunctions. Biological has been lagging behind psychological social sciences but seen a massive surge recent years. At same time, progress this field hampered methodological challenges related finding suitable operationalizations study designs, replicating findings, modeling animals. We embed review behavioral, neuroimaging, neurobiological, systems biological findings adults critical methods discussion. find preliminary evidence hippocampus-based pattern separation prefrontal-based cognitive control functions protect against pathological fears aftermath singular, event-type stressors [as found fear-related disorders, including simpler forms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] facilitating perception safety. Reward system-based pursuit savoring positive reinforcers appear more generalized dysfunctions anxious-depressive spectrum resulting from severe longer-lasting (as depression, comorbid anxiety, PTSD). Links between preserved functioning these neural under neuroplasticity, immunoregulation, gut microbiome composition, integrity barrier blood-brain are beginning emerge. On basis, avenues pointed out.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in cortisol levels in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 101118 - 101118

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The interplay of hypoxic and mental stress: Implications for anxiety and depressive disorders

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 104718 - 104718

Published: June 2, 2022

Adequate oxygen supply is essential for the human brain to meet its high energy demands. Therefore, elaborate molecular and systemic mechanism are in place enable adaptation low availability. Anxiety depressive disorders characterized by alterations metabolism of components, such as mitochondria or hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-pathways. Conversely, sensitivity tolerance may depend on parameters mental stress severity anxiety disorders. Here we discuss relevant mechanisms adaptations hypoxia, well their involvement etiopathogenesis We suggest that (including metabolic responses, inflammation, activation chemosensitive regions) modulate modulated stress-related pathways associated psychiatric diseases. While severe chronic dysfunctional can contribute pathogenesis disorders, harnessing controlled responses increase cellular psychological resilience emerges a novel treatment strategy these

Language: Английский

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Multimodal Hierarchical CNN Feature Fusion for Stress Detection

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 6867 - 6878

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Stress is one of the most severe concerns in modern life. High-level stress can create various diseases or loss focus and productivity at work. Being under prevents people from recognizing their levels, so early detection essential. Recently, multimodal fusion has enhanced performance models using Deep Learning (DL) techniques. The low, mid, high-level features a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are discriminative. A comprehensive feature representation be obtained by fusing all three levels CNN's features. This study mainly focuses on detecting exploiting these advantages hierarchical CNN fusion. two physiological signals used this Electrodermal activity (EDA) Electrocardiogram (ECG). We develop set concatenating multi-level for each modality. Multimodal both sets performed Transfer Module (MMTM). experiments carried out with raw frequency domain data bands to effectiveness both. model's compared different combinations high levels. To verify generalizability, proposed approach been evaluated four benchmark datasets - ASCERTAIN, CLAS, MAUS, WAUC. method showed its outperforming existing 1-2%, respectively, band It observed that better than other 2-4%. As result, strategy useful addition detection.

Language: Английский

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Applications of artificial intelligence−machine learning for detection of stress: a critical overview

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1882 - 1894

Published: April 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review)

International Journal of Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(5)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Stress is a state of disrupted homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the stressors, which are counteracted various physiological and behavioural adaptive responses. has been linked to cancer development incidence for decades; however, epidemiological studies clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. The present review discusses effects stress on underlying mechanisms. Animal revealed clear link between progression, revealing molecular, cellular endocrine processes that implicated in these effects. Thus, hormones, their receptor systems intracellular molecular pathways mediate initiation, progression metastases. mechanisms linking can either be indirect, mediated changes microenvironment immune system dysregulation, direct, through binding neuroendocrine stress‑related signalling molecules cell receptors. affects numerous anti‑ pro‑cancer components, including host resistance metastasis, tumour retention and/or suppression. Chronic psychological elevation catecholamine levels may increase death resistance. On whole, incidence, with stressors playing crucial role. better than human ones, hormones influencing development, migration, invasion proliferation. Randomized controlled required further evaluate long‑term outcomes its management.

Language: Английский

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Associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 329, P. 438 - 447

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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