Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota–gut–brain axis

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 222 - 247

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health disease, the microbiota is a key player communication these two distant organs. Yet, mechanisms through which influences development function of gut–brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis different compartments across this axis. These barriers include epithelial barrier, blood–brain barrier blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. ideally positioned to receive communicate microbial signals constituting gateway for gut–microbiota–brain communication. In Review, we focus on how modulation by can constitute an important channel Moreover, malfunction upon alterations composition could form basis various conditions, including often comorbid neurological gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, should unravelling molecular move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding barriers, especially during critical windows development, be aetiology The modulator This Review provides overview examines role disease.

Language: Английский

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Mind, Mood and Microbiota—Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3340 - 3340

Published: March 15, 2024

Psychiatric disorders represent a primary source of disability worldwide, manifesting as disturbances in individuals’ cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and behavioral patterns. In the quest to discover novel therapies expand boundaries neuropharmacology, studies from field have highlighted gut microbiota’s role modulating these disorders. These alterations may influence brain’s processes through brain–gut axis, multifaceted bidirectional system that establishes connection between enteric central nervous systems. Thus, probiotic prebiotic supplements are meant overall health play an insightful alleviating psychiatric symptoms, such templates major depressive disorder, anxiety, or schizophrenia. Moreover, administration psychotropic drugs has been revealed induce specific changes microbiome’s diversity, suggesting their potential utility combating bacterial infections. This review emphasizes intricate correlations microbiota, mentioning promising approaches regard modulation treatments, well antimicrobial effects medication.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota drives diurnal rhythms in tryptophan metabolism in the stressed gut

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 114079 - 114079

Published: April 1, 2024

Chronic stress disrupts microbiota-gut-brain axis function and is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism, impaired gut barrier function, disrupted diurnal rhythms. However, little known about the effects of acute on how it influenced by physiology. Here, we used germ-free antibiotic-depleted mice to understand microbiota-dependent oscillations in metabolism would alter at baseline response an stressor. Cecal metabolomics identified as most responsive a 15-min stressor, while shotgun metagenomics revealed that bacterial species exhibiting rhythmicity metabolize tryptophan. Our findings highlight gastrointestinal dependent time day microbiome, signature stress-induced functional alterations ileum colon.

Language: Английский

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A gut (microbiome) feeling about addiction: Interactions with stress and social systems

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 100629 - 100629

Published: March 18, 2024

In recent years, an increasing attention has given to the intricate and diverse connection of microorganisms residing in our gut their impact on brain health central nervous system disease. There been a shift mindset understand that drug addiction is not merely condition affects brain, it now being recognized as disorder also involves external factors such intestinal microbiota, which could influence vulnerability development addictive behaviors. Furthermore, stress social interactions, are closely linked powerful modulators addiction. This review delves into mechanisms through microbiota-stress-immune axis may shape work integrates preclinical clinical evidence demonstrate bidirectional communication between stress, behaviors, substance use disorders suggesting microbes might modulate having significance

Language: Английский

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Maternal Pre- and Postnatal Stress and Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiota Features.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107273 - 107273

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Maternal stress can have short and long term adverse (mental) health effects for the mother her child. Previous evidence suggests that gut microbiota may be a potential mediator moderator of via various pathways. This study explored maternal trajectory during pregnancy as well association between pre- postnatal features infant after pregnancy. In line with previous research, we hypothesized would positively related to volatility infants highly stressed mothers show relative increase in Proteobacteria decrease Bifidobacterium. We collected stool samples at 18 32 weeks 8 months postpartum. Infant stools were obtained 2, 6 12 All analyzed using shotgun metagenome sequencing. also several measures (self-reported depression, anxiety, stress, hair cortisol cortisone), most same time points samples. Our data indicated does not undergo drastic changes from second third trimester but postpartum differs significantly prenatal microbiota. Furthermore, identified associations different including positive negative alpha diversity, beta diversity individual microbial phyla species abundances. Also, composite score, perceived score log-ratio cortisone all associated volatility. provides is both Collectively, this studies indicate uniformly associate features. Instead, are point specific. Regarding volatility, consistently found warrants future research investigating link more depth.

Language: Английский

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Precision Psychobiotics for Gut–Brain Axis Health: Advancing the Discovery Pipelines to Deliver Mechanistic Pathways and Proven Health Efficacy

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Advancing microbiome–gut–brain axis science requires systematic, rational and translational approaches to bridge the critical knowledge gaps currently preventing full exploitation of gut microbiome as a tractable therapeutic target for gastrointestinal, mental brain health. Current research is still marked by many open questions that undermine widespread application humans. For example, lack mechanistic understanding probiotic effects means it remains unclear why even apparently closely related strains exhibit different in vivo. live microbial psychobiotics, consensus on their adjunct treatments conventional neuromodulators, use unmedicated populations or at‐risk cohorts with sub‐clinical symptomatology warranted. This missing information both sides equation when treating central nervous system (CNS) conditions makes psychobiotic challenging, especially compared other pharmaceutical functional food approaches. Expediting transition from positive preclinical data proven benefits humans includes interpreting promises pitfalls animal behavioural assays, well navigating mechanism‐informed decision making select right microbe(s) job. In this review, we consider how these decisions can be supported light accrued range clinical studies across healthy, pathological study populations, where specific have been evaluated context gastrointestinal physiology, function behaviour. Examples successful, partial unsuccessful translation bench bedside are considered. We also discuss developments silico analyses enhanced our moved towards pinpointing host–microbe interactions most important optimal gut–brain function. Combining assays vitro ex vivo domains incorporating model organisms prime discovery pipelines promising rationally selected candidates.

Language: Английский

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Association of chronic stress during studies with depressive symptoms 10 years later

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Abstract The long-tern implications of stress during university for individuals’ mental health are not well understood so far. Hence, we aimed to examine the potential effect while studying at on depression in later life. We analysed data from two waves longitudinal Study Occupational Allergy Risks. Using ‘work overload’ and ‘proving oneself’ scales Trier Inventory Chronic Stress Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), participants reported chronic (2007–2009, mean age 22.2 years, T1) depressive symptoms ten years (2017–2018, 31.6 T2). performed linear regression analyses explore association between (T1) (T2). Participants (N = 548, 59% female) indicated rather low levels (PHQ-2 score: 1.14 (range: 0–6)). observed evidence a overload T1 T2 (regression coefficient (B) 0.270; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.131 0.409; standardised (β) 0.170). Our yielded an risk This finding underlines importance implementing sustainable preventive measures against among students.

Language: Английский

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I "Gut" Rhythm: the microbiota as a modulator of the stress response and circadian rhythms

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Modern habits are becoming more and disruptive to health. As our days often filled with circadian disruption stress exposures, we need understand how responses these external stimuli shaped their mediators can be targeted promote A growing body of research demonstrates the role gut microbiota in influencing brain function behavior. The response rhythms, which essential maintaining appropriate environment, known impacted by microbiota. Gut microbes have been shown alter host's modulate rhythmicity. Although studies demonstrated strong links between microbiota, rhythms response, such were conducted an independent manner not conducive understanding interface factors. Due interconnected nature this review explore may play a regulating integration signals mammals consequences for health disease.

Language: Английский

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Gut–brain axis and neuropsychiatric health: recent advances

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The gut–brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway, permits the central nervous system (CNS) to exert influence over gastrointestinal function in response stress, while gut microbiota regulates CNS via immune, neuroendocrine, and vagal pathways. Current research highlights importance of stress-related disorders need for further into mechanisms communication, with potential therapeutic implications wide range health conditions. This is challenge taken on this Scientific Reports Collection Gut-Brain Axis. axis has significant neurodegenerative, psychiatric, metabolic disorders. Recent studies have underscored role microbiome conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD), evidence indicating that dysfunction pathological features can precede motor symptoms by decades. use vivo animal models demonstrated preformed α-synuclein fibrils (PFFs) travel from brain dosage-dependent manner, thereby supporting "gut-first" theory context PD, explored using vitro approaches. There also plays obesity machine learning algorithms may assist differentiating between obese overweight individuals based their data. growing interest at interface post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disturbances, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). described support expand observations previous preclinical clinical investigations, providing essential novel insights drive discovery previously unexplored avenues brain-gut-microbiome interactions disease.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis: Therapeutic implications

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101982 - 101982

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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