Reviews in the Neurosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 30, 2024
Autism
spectrum
disorder
is
a
pervasive
and
heterogeneous
neurodevelopmental
condition
characterized
by
social
communication
difficulties
rigid,
repetitive
behaviors.
Owing
to
the
complex
pathogenesis
of
autism,
effective
drugs
for
treating
its
core
features
are
lacking.
Nonpharmacological
approaches,
including
education,
social-communication,
behavioral
psychological
methods,
exercise
interventions,
play
important
roles
in
supporting
needs
autistic
individuals.
The
advantages
intervention,
such
as
low
cost,
easy
implementation,
high
acceptance,
have
garnered
increasing
attention.
Exercise
interventions
can
effectively
improve
co-occurring
conditions
but
underlying
neurobiological
mechanisms
unclear.
Abnormal
changes
gut
microbiome,
neuroinflammation,
neurogenesis,
synaptic
plasticity
may
individually
or
interactively
be
responsible
atypical
brain
structure
connectivity,
leading
specific
experiences
characteristics.
Interestingly,
affect
these
biological
processes
reshape
network
connections,
which
explain
how
alleviates
In
this
review,
we
describe
definition,
diagnostic
approach,
epidemiology,
current
support
strategies
autism;
highlight
benefits
interventions;
call
individualized
programs
different
subtypes
Finally,
possible
improves
comprehensively
summarized
inform
development
optimal
targets
meet
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
59(1), P. 154 - 173
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
Abstract
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
diverse
group
of
neurodevelopmental
conditions
with
complex
origins.
Individuals
ASD
present
various
neurobiological
abnormalities,
including
an
altered
immune
response
in
the
central
nervous
system
and
other
tissues.
Animal
models
like
C58/J
inbred
mouse
strain
are
used
to
study
biological
characteristics
ASD.
This
considered
idiopathic
autism
model
because
its
demonstrated
reduced
social
preference
repetitive
behaviours.
Notably,
mice
exhibit
alterations
dendritic
arbour
complexity,
density
spines
maturation
hippocampus
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC),
but
inflammatory‐related
changes
have
not
been
explored
these
mice.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
proinflammatory
markers
PFC
adult
male
We
discovered
elevated
levels
interferon
gamma
(IFN‐γ)
monocyte
chemoattractant
protein
1
(MCP‐1)
hippocampus,
suggesting
increased
inflammation,
alongside
reduction
anti‐inflammatory
enzyme
arginase
(ARG1).
Conversely,
displayed
TNF‐α
MCP‐1.
Microglial
analysis
revealed
higher
transmembrane
119
(TMEM119)
microglial
region‐specific
manner
autistic‐like
mice,
particularly
hippocampus.
Additionally,
augmented
expression
fractalkine
receptor
CX3CR1
was
observed
morphological
shows
no
evident
behaviours
versus
wild‐type
strain.
These
can
contribute
modulate
processes
inflammation
or
synaptic
pruning
autism.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
serves
as
a
core
region
in
social
networks,
and
impairments
this
area
have
been
identified
autism
spectrum
disorders.
Our
prior
research
demonstrated
that
deficits
pyramidal
neurons
ACC
adversely
impacted
mouse
interaction.
preservation
of
functional
output
the
by
relies
on
dynamic
regulation
different
types
interneurons.
However,
precise
regulatory
roles
distinct
interneurons
within
shaping
interaction
hitherto
remained
largely
enigmatic.
In
study,
we
elucidated
involvement
parvalbumin
(PV)
somatostatin
(SST)
modulating
behavior.
Specifically,
ascertain
PV
play
more
prominent
role
initiating
sociability,
whereas
SST
uniquely
influence
preference.
Notably,
downregulation
high-risk
gene
Kcnh7
is
both
Shank3
knockout
(KO)
autistic
model.
Further,
selective
KO
PV-
or
SST-positive
contributes
to
disruptions
sociability
preference,
respectively.
divergent
modulation
attributed
input
received
these
neuronal
subtypes.
findings
offer
nuanced
insights
into
multifaceted
context
interaction,
contributing
comprehensive
understanding
neurobiological
underpinnings
behavior
disorders
autism.
delineation
mechanisms
imperative
for
advancing
our
comprehension
etiological
basis
autism,
thereby
paving
way
novel
avenues
aimed
at
addressing
heterogeneous
phenotypes
associated
with
dysfunction
cortical
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 15, 2024
ABSTRACT
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
developmental
characterized
by
impairments
in
several
communicative
behaviors.
Identification
of
biomarkers
for
ASD
based
on
task-independent
neural
activity
has
been
elusive.
The
axonal
initial
segment
(AIS),
located
at
the
proximal
part
axon,
crucial
initiating
action
potentials
(APs)
and
adaptable
through
activity-dependent
AIS
plasticity.
In
our
study,
we
discovered
decrease
length
layer
V
pyramidal
neurons
(PyNs)
prelimbic
cortex
(PrL)
increase
II/III
PyNs
somatosensory
duplicated
human
15q11-13
region
(
15q
dup
)
model
mice.
Electrophysiological
studies
using
whole-cell
patch-clamp
recordings
PrL
revealed
diminished
ability
to
generate
APs.
We
lack
plasticity
15
q
mice
under
conditions
elevated
potassium
chloride.
Retrograde
tracing
demonstrated
that
shortening
depends
projection
targets.
These
results
indicate
aberrant
structures
can
serve
as
indicators
altered
mouse
models.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: June 27, 2024
Maternal
exposure
to
inflammation
is
one
of
the
causes
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD).
Electrical
stimulation
vagus
nerve
exerts
a
neuroprotective
effect
via
its
anti-inflammatory
action.
We
thus
investigated
whether
transcutaneous
auricular
(taVNS)
can
enhance
social
abilities
in
mouse
model
ASD
induced
by
maternal
immune
activation
(MIA).
Reviews in the Neurosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 30, 2024
Autism
spectrum
disorder
is
a
pervasive
and
heterogeneous
neurodevelopmental
condition
characterized
by
social
communication
difficulties
rigid,
repetitive
behaviors.
Owing
to
the
complex
pathogenesis
of
autism,
effective
drugs
for
treating
its
core
features
are
lacking.
Nonpharmacological
approaches,
including
education,
social-communication,
behavioral
psychological
methods,
exercise
interventions,
play
important
roles
in
supporting
needs
autistic
individuals.
The
advantages
intervention,
such
as
low
cost,
easy
implementation,
high
acceptance,
have
garnered
increasing
attention.
Exercise
interventions
can
effectively
improve
co-occurring
conditions
but
underlying
neurobiological
mechanisms
unclear.
Abnormal
changes
gut
microbiome,
neuroinflammation,
neurogenesis,
synaptic
plasticity
may
individually
or
interactively
be
responsible
atypical
brain
structure
connectivity,
leading
specific
experiences
characteristics.
Interestingly,
affect
these
biological
processes
reshape
network
connections,
which
explain
how
alleviates
In
this
review,
we
describe
definition,
diagnostic
approach,
epidemiology,
current
support
strategies
autism;
highlight
benefits
interventions;
call
individualized
programs
different
subtypes
Finally,
possible
improves
comprehensively
summarized
inform
development
optimal
targets
meet
