Gut–Brain Interactions and Their Impact on Astrocytes in the Context of Multiple Sclerosis and Beyond

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 497 - 497

Published: March 13, 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. The increasing prevalence MS underscores critical need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent advances neuroimmunology have highlighted significant role gut microbiome pathology, unveiling distinct alterations patients’ microbiota. Dysbiosis not only impacts gut-intrinsic processes but also influences production bacterial metabolites hormones, which can regulate remote tissues, such as CNS. Central this paradigm gut–brain axis, bidirectional communication network linking gastrointestinal tract brain spinal cord. Via specific routes, hormones influence CNS-resident cells both directly indirectly. Exploiting novel interventions, including pro- prebiotic treatments, emerged promising avenues with aim mitigating severity MS. This review delves into complex interplay between context MS, summarizing current knowledge on key signals cross-organ crosstalk, routes communication, potential relevance microbiome. Moreover, places particular emphasis elucidating these interactions astrocyte functions within CNS, offering insights their pathophysiology interventions.

Language: Английский

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Human Norovirus Efficiently Replicates in Differentiated 3D-Human Intestinal Enteroids

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(22)

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Human norovirus (HNoV) accounts for one-fifth of all acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide and an economic burden ~$60 billion globally. The lack treatment options against HNoV is in part due to the cultivation systems. Recently, a model infection biopsy-derived human intestinal enteroids (HIE) has been described: 3D-HIE are first dispersed 2D-monolayers differentiated prior infection, resulting labor-intensive, time-consuming procedure. Here, we present alternative protocol 3D-HIE. We found that as efficiently 2D-monolayers. In addition, immunofluorescence-based quantification UEA-1, lectin stains villus brush border, revealed ~80% spontaneously undergo polarity inversion, allowing without need microinjection. Infection with GII.4-positive stool samples attained fold-increase over inoculum ~2 Log10 at 2 days postinfection or up 3.5 when ruxolitinib, JAK1/2-inhibitor, was added. Treatment GII.4-infected polymerase inhibitor 2'-C-Methylcytidine (2CMC) other antivirals showed reduction suggesting excellent platform test anti-infectives. transcriptional host response then investigated by RNA sequencing infected versus uninfected presence ruxolitinib focus on virus-associated signatures while limiting interferon-stimulated gene signatures. analysis upregulated hormone neurotransmitter signal transduction pathways downregulated glycolysis hypoxia-response upon infection. Overall, have proven be highly robust study screen antivirals, investigate IMPORTANCE clinical socio-economic impact calls immediate action development Physiologically relevant vitro models hence needed biology, tropism, mechanisms viral-associated disease, also identify antiviral agents. Biopsy-derived biomimetic epithelium were recently described supports However, established labor-intensive. Therefore, sought develop simplified 3D undergoes differentiation spontaneous inversion. Advantages this shorter experimental time, better yield, spatial integrity epithelium. This potentially suitable pathogens infect cells from apical surface but unraveling interactions between indigenous bacteria microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in modulating the intestinal microbiota and performance of broiler chickens

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 134(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract Aims Gut bacteria play an important role in poultry nutrition and the immune defense system. Changes intestinal microbiome affect physiological state, metabolism, innate immunity of poultry. The present study aimed to characterize age-related changes gastrointestinal tract microflora broiler chickens, depending on supplementation diet with in-feed antibiotic Stafac® 110 a Bacillus subtilis strain-based probiotic. Methods results In this regard, comprehensive analysis taxonomic structure microbial community (GIT) chickens was carried out using molecular genetic technique terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism taking into account age dynamics feeding treatment. A beneficial effect microbiological composition body weight broilers observed when probiotic compound feeds. Different bacterial communities were revealed duodenum cecum, their positive impact growth established. obtained shed light formation GIT during growing period its response use Conclusions We suggest that implementation tested can be regulating processes improving efficiency productivity chickens.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome–Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides (HLP) in Ulcerative Colitis

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67(10)

Published: March 22, 2023

Scope Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) are bioactive with immunomodulatory effects. This study aims to investigate the impact of HLP on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis in rats and further complex interactions between changes intestinal microbiota, cometabolites, inflammation under intervention. Methods results The ulcerative (UC) model Sprague Dawley (SD) is established by a normal diet 3%DSS. effects UC studied gavage different doses for 2 weeks. show that alleviate reduce histological damage secretion tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐10. After treatment, flora regulated, diversity restored. Fecal metabolomics analysis reveal modulatory amino acid metabolism, antimicrobial peptide anabolism, energy metabolism colitis. Correlation microbial metabolites reveals potential mechanism affecting Conclusion repair compartment's metabolic disorder regulating flora's structure alleviating colonic mucosal injury rats.

Language: Английский

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Synbiotic Combination between Lactobacillus paracasei VL8 and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Repairs the Intestinal Barrier in the Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Model by Regulating the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 2214 - 2228

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Previously, Lactobacillus paracasei VL8, a lactobacillus strain isolated from the traditional Finnish fermented dairy product Viili, demonstrated immunomodulatory and antibacterial effects. The prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) further promoted its activity growth performance, holding promise for maintaining intestinal health. However, this has not been verified in vivo. In study, we elucidated process by which L. VL8 synbiotc combination (SYN) with MOS repair barrier function dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. SYN surpasses or alone restoring goblet cells improving tight junction structure. Omics analysis on gut microbiota reveals SYN's ability to restore spp. abundance promote tryptophan metabolism. intervention also inhibits DSS-induced hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Tryptophan metabolites induce organoid differentiation. Co-housing experiments confirm transferability, replicating repair. conclusion, our study highlights potential therapeutic efficacy synbiotic damaged offers new insights into complex crosstalk between stem cells.

Language: Английский

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Lower Diet Quality Associated with Subclinical Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy United States Adults

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 154(4), P. 1449 - 1460

Published: March 1, 2024

Higher diet quality has been associated with lower risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, but associations between and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation in healthy adults prior to disease onset are understudied. The purpose this project was examine reported dietary intake markers GI a human adult cohort. In cross-sectional observational trial 358 adults, participants completed up 3 unannounced 24-hour (24h) recalls using the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool® Block 2014 Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) assess recent habitual intake, respectively. Those who provided stool sample were included analysis. Inflammation from stool, including calprotectin, neopterin, myeloperoxidase measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) along lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) plasma. Recent fiber negatively correlated fecal calprotectin levels (n = 295, p 0.011, 0.009). Habitual soluble also (p 0.01). legume vegetable 0.013, 0.026, 0.01, We observed an inverse correlation Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores 0.026). Inflammatory (DII) calculated positively neopterin for 289, 0.015). When those clinically elevated excluded, fiber, legume, vegetable, fruit 253, 0.00001, 0.0002, 0.045, 0.001, 0.009, 0.004, 0.014). total HEI score inversely subclinical 0.003). may be protective against even adults. NCT02367287, ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02367287

Language: Английский

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The epithelial C15ORF48/miR-147-NDUFA4 axis is an essential regulator of gut inflammation, energy metabolism, and the microbiome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(27)

Published: June 25, 2024

Chronic inflammation is epidemiologically linked to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, our understanding molecular mechanisms controlling gut remains insufficient, hindering development targeted therapies for IBD CRC. In this study, we uncovered C15ORF48/miR-147 as a negative regulator inflammation, operating through modulation epithelial cell metabolism. encodes two products, C15ORF48 protein miR-147-3p microRNA, which are predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelium. ablation leads dysbiosis exacerbates chemically induced colitis mice. work together suppress colonocyte metabolism by silencing NDUFA4 , subunit mitochondrial complex IV (CIV). Interestingly, protein, structural paralog NDUFA4, contains unique C-terminal α-helical domain crucial displacing from CIV its subsequent degradation. hinders NF-κB signaling activation consequently attenuates responses. Collectively, findings have established - axis an indispensable homeostasis, bridging inflammation.

Language: Английский

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The regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism through the interaction of dietary polyphenols and polysaccharides via the gut microbiota pathway

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 8200 - 8216

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Interactions of polyphenols and polysaccharides regulate glycolipid metabolism through the gut microbiota, which is achieved regulation metabolites, intestinal barrier function, signaling pathways.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial perturbation in the intestine causes microbiota-dependent injury and gene signatures discriminative of inflammatory disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 1347 - 1364.e10

Published: July 15, 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). To understand how microbial-metabolic circuits contribute to intestinal injury, we disrupt mitochondrial function in the epithelium by deleting chaperone, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60

Language: Английский

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Histomorphological scoring of murine colitis models: A practical guide for the evaluation of colitis and colitis-associated cancer

Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 104938 - 104938

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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