Investigating the effect of continuous and partial reinforcement in conceptual fear generalization DOI Creative Commons
Sharmili Mitra, Manish Kumar Asthana

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Fear generalization plays a major role in the acquisition and maintenance of anxiety disorders. In fear generalization, conditioned responses are observed for novel stimuli sharing perceptually or conceptually similar properties with stimulus (CS). The reinforcement rates unconditioned (UCS) impact generalization. can be studied using category-based conditioning paradigm, where individuals to members category rather than single stimulus. current study explored effect UCS (i.e., continuous partial) on conceptual due similarity visual aversive UCS. CSs were exemplars from four categories, i.e., animals, insects, household appliances, tools. Thirty healthy participants underwent presented varying levels (100%, 62.5%, 37.5%). Subsequently, was tested unreinforced each category. A significant expectancy CS-UCS contingency ratings observed. increased increasing certainty occurrence phase. Our results may help understand how generalizes related based occurrence.

Language: Английский

Understanding clinical fear and anxiety through the lens of human fear conditioning DOI Open Access
Tom Beckers, Dirk Hermans, Iris Lange

et al.

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 233 - 245

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

84
Understanding anxiety symptoms as aberrant defensive responding along the threat imminence continuum DOI Creative Commons
Rany Abend

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105305 - 105305

Published: July 5, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Neurobiology and systems biology of stress resilience DOI
Raffaël Kalisch, Scott J. Russo,

Marianne B. Müller

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 104(3), P. 1205 - 1263

Published: March 14, 2024

Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery. Resilience research attempts unravel factors and mechanisms make possible harness its insights for development of preventative interventions in individuals at risk acquiring stress-related dysfunctions. Biological has been lagging behind psychological social sciences but seen a massive surge recent years. At same time, progress this field hampered methodological challenges related finding suitable operationalizations study designs, replicating findings, modeling animals. We embed review behavioral, neuroimaging, neurobiological, systems biological findings adults critical methods discussion. find preliminary evidence hippocampus-based pattern separation prefrontal-based cognitive control functions protect against pathological fears aftermath singular, event-type stressors [as found fear-related disorders, including simpler forms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] facilitating perception safety. Reward system-based pursuit savoring positive reinforcers appear more generalized dysfunctions anxious-depressive spectrum resulting from severe longer-lasting (as depression, comorbid anxiety, PTSD). Links between preserved functioning these neural under neuroplasticity, immunoregulation, gut microbiome composition, integrity barrier blood-brain are beginning emerge. On basis, avenues pointed out.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Aerobic exercise in the treatment of PTSD: An examination of preclinical and clinical laboratory findings, potential mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions DOI
Kevin M. Crombie,

Tom G. Adams,

Joseph E. Dunsmoor

et al.

Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 102680 - 102680

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Integrating and fragmenting memories under stress and alcohol DOI Creative Commons

Krystian Loetscher,

Elizabeth V. Goldfarb

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 100615 - 100615

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Stress can powerfully influence the way we form memories, particularly extent to which they are integrated or situated within an underlying spatiotemporal and broader knowledge architecture. These different representations in turn have significant consequences for use these memories guide later behavior. Puzzlingly, although stress has historically been argued promote fragmentation, leading disjoint memory representations, more recent work suggests that also facilitate binding integration. Understanding circumstances under fosters integration will be key resolving this discrepancy unpacking mechanisms by shape Here, examine at multiple levels: linking together content of individual experience, threading associations between related but distinct events, experience into a pre-existing schema sense causal structure. We discuss neural cognitive each as well findings regarding how stress, aversive learning, negative affect modulate each. In analysis, uncover indeed level show may apply understanding effects alcohol, highlighting extant clinical preclinical opportunities further investigation. Finally, consider implications fragmentation memory-guided behavior, importance type representation is potentiated order design appropriate interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Fear generalization and behavioral responses to multiple dangers DOI Creative Commons
Andrew Sih,

Hee Jin Chung,

Isabelle P. Neylan

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 369 - 380

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Anxiety as a disorder of uncertainty: implications for understanding maladaptive anxiety, anxious avoidance, and exposure therapy DOI Open Access
Vanessa M. Brown, Rebecca B. Price, Alexandre Y. Dombrovski

et al.

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 844 - 868

Published: March 3, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Robust group- but limited individual-level (longitudinal) reliability and insights into cross-phases response prediction of conditioned fear DOI Creative Commons
Maren Klingelhöfer-Jens, Mana R. Ehlers, Manuel Kuhn

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Here, we follow the call to target measurement reliability as a key prerequisite for individual-level predictions in translational neuroscience by investigating (1) longitudinal at individual and (2) group level, (3) internal consistency (4) response predictability across experimental phases. One hundred twenty individuals performed fear conditioning paradigm twice 6 months apart. Analyses of skin conductance responses, ratings blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) with different data transformations included numbers trials were conducted. While was rather limited it comparatively higher acquisition but not extinction level. Internal satisfactory. Higher responding preceding phases predicted subsequent weak moderate depending on specifications. In sum, results suggest that while are meaningful (very) short time frames, they also more attention properties field.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Computational Mechanisms of Addiction and Anxiety: A Developmental Perspective DOI Creative Commons
Noam Goldway, Eran Eldar, Gal Shoval

et al.

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 93(8), P. 739 - 750

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

11
A psychological mechanism for the growth of anxiety DOI Open Access
Gonzalo P. Urcelay

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Although numerous behavioural constructs have been proposed to account for anxiety disorders, how these develop within an individual has difficult predict. In this perspective, I selectively review clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that avoidance (i.e., safety) behaviour increases beliefs of threat or fear. The replicated times, with different parameters, shows when human participants emit responses in the presence a neutral stimulus, they later show heightened expectations stimulus. interpret findings as resulting from prediction errors anticipated by Rescorla-Wagner model, although other animal learning theories can also predict phenomenon. discuss some implications offer few novel predictions. analysis presented here sheds light on phenomenon theoretical relevance which is accommodated basic associative theory.

Language: Английский

Citations

4