Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(11), P. 1157 - 1172

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Abstract Emerging as a new epidemic, long COVID or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), condition characterized by the persistence COVID-19 symptoms beyond 3 months, is anticipated to substantially alter lives millions people globally. Cardiopulmonary including chest pain, shortness breath, fatigue, and autonomic manifestations such postural orthostatic tachycardia are common associated with significant disability, heightened anxiety, public awareness. A range cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities has been reported among patients acute phase include myocardial inflammation, infarction, right ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias. Pathophysiological mechanisms for delayed complications still poorly understood, dissociation seen between ongoing objective measures cardiopulmonary health. long-term trajectory many chronic cardiac diseases which abundant in those at risk severe disease. In this review, we discuss definition its epidemiology, an emphasis on symptoms. We further review pathophysiological underlying CV injury, sequelae, impact multiorgan propose possible model referral post-COVID-19 services future directions research priorities clinical trials that currently underway evaluate efficacy treatment strategies sequelae.

Language: Английский

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Host genetic factors determining COVID-19 susceptibility and severity

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 103629 - 103629

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses an unprecedented challenge to humanity. SARS-CoV-2 infections range from asymptomatic severe courses of with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan involvement and death. Risk factors for disease severity include older age, male sex, increased BMI pre-existing comorbidities. Ethnicity is also relevant susceptibility severity. Host genetic predisposition now increasingly recognized whole genome candidate gene association studies regarding have been performed. Several common rare variants in genes related inflammation or immune responses identified. We summarize research on host genetics compile associated discuss that should be investigated further understand such associations provide insights pathogenesis, risk classification, therapy response, precision medicine, drug repurposing.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Classification, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Flavonoids

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(13), P. 4982 - 4982

Published: June 25, 2023

Flavonoids represent the main class of plant secondary metabolites and occur in tissues organs various species. In plants, flavonoids are involved many biological processes response to environmental stresses. The consumption has been known reduce risk chronic diseases due their antioxidant free radical scavenging properties. present review, we summarize classification, distribution, biosynthesis pathways, regulatory mechanisms flavonoids. Moreover, investigated activities discuss applications food processing cosmetics, as well pharmaceutical medical uses. Current trends flavonoid research also briefly described, including mining new functional genes through omics engineering using nanotechnology. This review provides a reference for basic applied on compounds.

Language: Английский

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Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: an update on current evidence

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, is the agent responsible for COVID-19 pandemic and major public health concern nowadays. The rapid global spread of this coronavirus leads to an increase in hospitalizations thousands deaths many countries. To date, great efforts have been made worldwide efficient management crisis, but there still no effective specific treatment COVID-19. primary therapies treat disease are antivirals, anti-inflammatories respiratory therapy. In addition, antibody currently active essential part SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment. Ongoing trials proposed different therapeutic options including various drugs, convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin cell present study summarized current evidence these approaches assess their efficacy safety We tried provide comprehensive information about available potential against support researchers physicians any future progress treating patients.

Language: Английский

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Hyperinflammatory Immune Response and COVID-19: A Double Edged Sword

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) elicited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastating health, economic and social impact worldwide. Its clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic to failure multi-organ or death. pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is attributed a complex interplay between virus host immune response. It involves activation multiple inflammatory pathways leading hyperinflammation cytokine storm, resulting in tissue damage, distress (ARDS) failure. Accumulating evidence raised concern over long-term health effects COVID-19. Importantly, neuroinvasive potential may have consequences brain. This review provides conceptual framework on how tricks system induce cause disease. We also explore key differences mild COVID-19 its short- effects, particularly human

Language: Английский

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Review: Roles of human serum albumin in prediction, diagnoses and treatment of COVID-19

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 948 - 955

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Specific inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome suppresses immune overactivation and alleviates COVID-19 like pathology in mice

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 103803 - 103803

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a great threat to global public health since 2020. Although the advance on vaccine development largely achieved, strategy alleviate immune overactivation in severe COVID-19 patients is still needed. NLRP3 inflammasome activated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated with severity. However, processes by which involved disease remain unclear.We infected THP-1 derived macrophages, knockout mice, human ACE2 transgenic mice live Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory. We performed quantitative real-time PCR for targeted viral or host genes from mouse tissues, conducted histological immunofluorescence analysis tissues. also injected intranasally AAV-hACE2 intraperitoneally inhibitor MCC950 before as indicated.We have provided multiple lines of evidence that plays an important role response invasion lungs. Inhibition attenuated release related pro-inflammatory cytokines cell cultures mice. pathology induced lung tissues was reduced Nlrp3-/- compared wild-type C57BL/6 Finally, specific inhibition alleviated excessive inflammation thus like mice.Inflammatory activation stimulator immunopathology. Targeting promising intervention against disease.This work supported grants Bureau Frontier Sciences Education, CAS (grant no. QYZDJ-SSW-SMC005 Y.G.Y.), key project "Light West China" Program (to D.Y.) Yunnan Province (202001AS070023 D.Y.).

Language: Английский

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γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering use allogeneic Vδ2

Language: Английский

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Human Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites Impact Immune Responses in COVID-19 and Its Complications

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 164(2), P. 272 - 288

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Background & AimsWe investigate interrelationships between gut microbes, metabolites, and cytokines that characterize COVID-19 its complications, we validate the results with follow-up, Japanese 4D (Disease, Drug, Diet, Daily Life) microbiome cohort, non-Japanese data sets.MethodsWe performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing metabolomics on stools cytokine measurements plasma from 112 hospitalized patients SARS-CoV-2 infection non–COVID-19 control individuals matched by important confounders.ResultsMultiple correlations were found COVID-19–related microbes (eg, oral short-chain fatty acid producers) metabolites branched-chain aromatic amino acids, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, vitamin B6). Both also linked to inflammatory dynamics interferon γ, λ3, interleukin 6, CXCL-9, CXCL-10). Such detected highly in severe disease pneumonia; moderately high D-dimer level, kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction groups; but rarely diarrhea group. We confirmed concordances of altered spermidine, putrescine, B6) their corresponding microbial functional genes. Results metabolomic alterations cross-sectional set partly concordant those follow-up set. Microbial signatures for distinct diabetes, bowel disease, proton-pump inhibitors overlapping rheumatoid arthritis. Random forest classifier models using microbiomes can predict disease. The showed moderate concordance Hong Kong Japan.ConclusionsMultiomics analysis revealed multiple microbe-metabolite-cytokine COVID-19related complications few gastrointestinal suggesting microbiota-mediated immune responses organ sites. Our underscore existence a gut-lung axis COVID-19. sets. confounders. Multiple Japan. Multiomics

Language: Английский

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Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of cells, whereas anti-inflammatory help suppress excessive inflammation promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview role pro-inflammatory diseases, with focus on mechanisms underlying their effects, diagnostic therapeutic potential, emerging trends IL-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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