Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Language: Английский

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Reinforcement of the intestinal mucosal barrier via mucus-penetrating PEGylated bacteria

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 823 - 841

Published: June 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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The gut–airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 492 - 506

Published: May 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4051 - 4051

Published: April 5, 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity mortality. In past 10 years, importance of lung microbiota emerged in context pulmonary although mechanisms by which it impacts intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development lung. this review, we present an overview microbiome modifications occurring during infections, namely, reduced community diversity increased burden, downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, cytokines production, turn affecting progression outcome. Particularly, focus role gut–lung bidirectional communication shaping inflammation immunity context, resuming both animal human studies. Moreover, discuss challenges possibilities related novel microbial-based (probiotics dietary supplementation) microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies bacteriophages), aimed remodel composition resident communities restore health. Finally, propose outlook some relevant questions field be answered future research, may translational relevance for prevention control infections.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Food Additives on the Abundance and Composition of Gut Microbiota

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 631 - 631

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The gut microbiota has been confirmed as an important part in human health, and is even take ‘organ’. interaction between the host intestinal environment plays a key role digestion, metabolism, immunity, inflammation, diseases. dietary component major factor that affects composition function of microbiota. Food additives have widely used to improve color, taste, aroma, texture, nutritional quality processed food. increasing variety quantity food diets lead increased frequency dose exposure, especially artificial additives, which become concern consumers. There are studies focusing on impact microbiota, long-term exposure could induce changes microbes, related health disease. Therefore, aim this review summarize additives.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19 progression: new insights into immunopathogenesis and treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 2, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a global health crisis. Increasing evidence underlines the key role of competent immune responses in resisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and manifests disastrous consequence host dysregulation. Elucidating mechanisms responsible for deregulated immunity COVID-19 may provide theoretical basis further research on new treatment modalities. Gut microbiota comprises trillions microorganisms colonizing human gastrointestinal tract vital homeostasis gut-lung crosstalk. Particularly, can lead to disruption gut equilibrium, condition called dysbiosis. Due its regulatory effect immunity, recently received considerable attention field immunopathology. Imbalanced fuel progression through production bioactive metabolites, intestinal metabolism, enhancement cytokine storm, exaggeration inflammation, regulation adaptive other aspects. In this review, we an overview alterations patients, their effects individuals’ susceptibility viral progression. Moreover, summarize currently available data critical bidirectional between microbes SARS-CoV-2-induced pathology, highlight immunomodulatory contributing pathogenesis. addition, discuss therapeutic benefits future perspectives microbiota-targeted interventions including faecal transplantation (FMT), bacteriotherapy traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment.

Language: Английский

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Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: Feb. 26, 2023

Colonies formed by bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viral groups their genomes, metabolites, expressed proteins constitute complex human microbiomes. An increasing evidences showed that carcinogenesis disease progression were link to Different organ sources, microbial species, metabolites are different; the mechanisms of carcinogenic or procancerous also different. Here, we summarize how microbiomes contribute in cancers skin, mouth, esophagus, lung, gastrointestinal, genital, blood, lymph malignancy. We insight into molecular triggering, promoting, inhibiting progress induced or/and secretions bioactive metabolites. And then, strategies application microorganisms cancer treatment discussed detail. However, which function still poorly understood. The bidirectional interactions between microbiotas endocrine systems need be clarified. Probiotics prebiotics believed benefit health via a variety mechanisms, particular, tumor inhibition. It is largely unknown agents cause progresses. expect this review may open new perspectives on possible therapeutic approaches patients with cancer.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbial co-metabolite 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine exacerbates thrombosis via binding to and activating integrin α2β1

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 598 - 616.e9

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cancer immunometabolism: advent, challenges, and perspective

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 5, 2024

Abstract For decades, great strides have been made in the field of immunometabolism. A plethora evidence ranging from basic mechanisms to clinical transformation has gradually embarked on immunometabolism center stage innate and adaptive immunomodulation. Given this, we focus changes immunometabolism, a converging series biochemical events that alters immune cell function, propose roles played by diversified metabolic derivatives enzymes, emphasize key metabolism-related checkpoints distinct types, discuss ongoing upcoming realities treatment. It is expected future research will reduce current limitations immunotherapy provide positive hand responses exert broader therapeutic role.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 16, 2024

Preclinical evidence has firmly established a bidirectional interaction among the lung, gut, and gut microbiome. There are many complex communication pathways between lung intestine, which affect each other's balance. Some metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms, immune cells, factors enter tissue through blood circulation participate in function. Altered gut-lung-microbiome interactions have been identified rodent models humans of several diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive disease, cancer, asthma, etc. Emerging suggests that microbial therapies can prevent treat respiratory diseases, but it is unclear whether this association simple correlation with pathological mechanisms disease or result causation. In review, we summarize critical link microbiota well influence mechanism on discuss role interventions prebiotics fecal bacteria transplantation diseases. To provide reference for rational design large-scale clinical studies, direct application therapy to respiratory-related reduce incidence severity accompanying complications.

Language: Английский

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