SARS-CoV-2 before and after Omicron: two different viruses and two different diseases?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 10, 2023

For the first time in history of medicine, it has been possible to describe-after a spillover-the evolution new human virus spreading non-immune population. This allowed not only observe subsequent emersion variants endowed with features providing an evolutionary advantage, but also shift pathways replication and acquisition immunoevasive features. These characteristics had remarkable influence on diffusion SARS-CoV-2 clinical presentation prognosis COVID-19, aspects that are described commented this review.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced recombination among Omicron subvariants of SARS‐CoV‐2 contributes to viral immune escape

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(2)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Abstract Genetic recombination is an important driver of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) evolution, which requires the coinfection a single host cell with different SARS‐CoV‐2 strains. To understand emergence and prevalence recombinant lineages through time space, we analyzed genome sequences collected from November 2019 to July 2022. We observed extraordinary increase in during Omicron wave, particularly Northern America Europe. This phenomenon was independent sequencing frequency or genetic diversity circulating The breakpoints were more prevalent 3′‐untranslated region viral genome. Importantly, noted enrichment certain amino acids Spike protein lineages, have been reported confer immune escape neutralizing antibodies angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptor binding some cases. also I42V acid change genetically fixated NSP14 lineage, needs further characterization for its potential role enhanced recombination. Overall, report timely observation accelerated currently variants explore their contribution fitness, escape.

Language: Английский

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Modelling how increased Cathepsin B/L and decreased TMPRSS2 usage for cell entry by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant may affect the efficacy and synergy of TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B/L inhibitors

Journal of Theoretical Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 572, P. 111568 - 111568

Published: July 1, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant harbours many mutations in its spike protein compared to the original strain, which may alter ability enter cells, cell tropism, and response interventions blocking virus entry. To elucidate these effects, we developed a mathematical model of entry into target cells applied it analyse recent vitro data. can via two pathways, one using host proteases Cathepsin B/L other protease TMPRSS2. We found enhanced efficiency where strain preferentially used reduced thus appears have evolved use pathway better but at expense TMPRSS2 strain. estimated >4-fold >3-fold or strains type-dependent manner. Our predicted that inhibitors would be more efficacious less than Furthermore, predictions suggested drugs simultaneously targeting pathways exhibit synergy. maximum synergy drug concentrations yielding differ for findings provide insights mechanisms implications intervention mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection elicits CD8 ⁺ T cell responses recognizing the spike of later Omicron subvariants

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(91)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Here, we examine peripheral blood memory T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 variant spike among vaccinated individuals with or without Omicron breakthrough infections. We provide evidence supporting a lack of original antigenic sin in CD8 + targeting spike. show that BNT162b2-induced cells respond to Among BA.1/BA.2 infections, IFN-γ–producing increased. In subgroup BA.2 BA.2-mutated region increased and correlated directly spike, indicating spike–specific elicited by infection cross-react identified epitope peptides are present but not These fully conserved now-dominant XBB lineages. Our study shows early subvariants elicits recognize epitopes within newly emerging subvariants.

Language: Английский

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The rapid emergence of multiple sublineages of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant: Dynamic profiling via molecular phylogenetics and mutational landscape studies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 1234 - 1258

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

The recent Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant poses a significant threat to global health. This has spread worldwide, and several sublineages have rapidly emerged. Study tried analyze the microevolution of this variant.

Language: Английский

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