Overcoming the age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response through hybrid immunity: analysis of humoral and cellular immunity with mass cytometry profiling DOI Creative Commons
Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu, Sehee Park, Kyoung Hwa Lee

et al.

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract Background Age-dependent immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BIs) in young middle-aged individuals are unclear. Methods This nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study analyzed participants of the ChAdOx1 (ChAd)-ChAd-mRNA vaccine group using cytometry by time-of-flight, anti-spike protein antibody (Sab) anti-nucleocapsid (Nab) titers, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays at various time points. Results We evaluated 347 with an average age 38.9 ± 9.4 years (range: 21–63). There was a significant inverse correlation between Sab levels after second dose (slope − 14.96, P = 0.032), this more pronounced third 208.9, < 0.001). After BIs, older showed significantly higher titers 398.8, 0.001), reversing age-related decline observed post-vaccination. reversal also PRNTs against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 BA.5 variants. IFN-γ increased markedly Bis, but weak positive age, without statistical significance. Immune cell profiling revealed age-dependent decrease proportions B-cell lineage cells. The naive CD4 + CD8 T cells were inversely correlated whereas mature subsets memory function, including T, EM , EMRA FH cells, age. Conclusions waning serologic response COVID-19 vaccines occurred even individuals, reversed BIs. preserved, compensating for populations, increase populations.

Language: Английский

Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Vivien Karl, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly enhanced our understanding of CD8+ T cell immunity and their role in natural infection vaccine-induced protection. Rapid early SARS-CoV-2-specific responses have been associated with efficient viral clearance mild disease. Virus-specific can compensate for waning, morbidity-related, iatrogenic reduction humoral immunity. After or vaccination, memory cells are formed, which mount an recall response the event breakthrough help to protect from severe Due breadth ability target mainly highly conserved epitopes, also able cross-recognize epitopes variants, thus maintaining even after emergence evolution. In some cases, however, may contribute pathogenesis COVID-19. particular, delayed uncontrolled, e.g., nonspecific hyperactivated, cytotoxic linked poor outcomes. this minireview, we summarize tremendous knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination that gained over past 5 years, while highlighting critical gaps remain.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination DOI
Mehul S. Suthar

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 101884 - 101884

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
IFN-λ uniquely promotes CD8 T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 relative to type I IFN DOI Creative Commons
Abigail Solstad, Parker Denz, Adam D. Kenney

et al.

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(13)

Published: May 21, 2024

Optimization of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 remains an urgent worldwide priority. In this regard, type III IFN (IFN-λ) restricts infection in vitro, and treatment with IFN-λ limits infection, inflammation, pathogenesis murine models. Furthermore, has been developed for clinical use to limit COVID-19 severity. However, whether endogenous signaling effect on antiviral immunity long-term protection vivo is unknown. study, we identified a requirement promoting viral clearance programming mice. Expression both IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) the lungs were minimally affected by absence correlated transient increases titers. We found that supported generation CD8 T cell facilitating accumulation CD103+ DC lung draining lymph nodes (dLN). specifically DCs promoted upregulation costimulatory molecules proliferation cells. Intriguingly, antigen-specific was independent I signaling, revealing nonredundant function IFN-λ. Overall, these studies demonstrate critical role innate adaptive upon suggest serves as adjuvant support immunity.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Persistent differences in the immunogenicity of the two COVID-19 primary vaccines series, modulated by booster mRNA vaccination and breakthrough infection DOI
Keon Young Lee, Kyoung‐Ho Song, Kyoung Hwa Lee

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(19), P. 3953 - 3960

Published: May 9, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Phase II/III Double-Blind Study Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of a Single Intramuscular Booster Dose of the Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine “Patria” (AVX/COVID-12) Using an Active Newcastle Disease Viral Vector (NDV) during the Omicron Outbreak in Healthy Adults with Elevated Baseline Antibody Titers from Prior COVID-19 and/or SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination DOI Open Access
Constantino López‐Macías, Martha Torres,

Brenda Armenta-Copca

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Background The urgent need for safe, effective, and economical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, especially booster campaigns targeting vulnerable populations, prompted the development of AVX/COVID-12 vaccine candidate. AVX/COVD-12 is based in a Newcastle virus La Sota (NDV-LaSota) recombinant viral vector. This expresses stabilized version spike protein severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), specifically ancestral Wuhan strain. study aimed to assess its safety, immunogenicity, potential efficacy as an anti-COVID-19 vaccine. Methods In phase II/III clinical trial conducted from November 9, 2022, September 11, 2023, total 4,056 volunteers were enrolled. Participants received intramuscular dose either or AZ/ChAdOx-1-S vaccines. Safety, assessed through various measures, including neutralizing antibody titers, interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells. evaluation also involved immunobridging, utilizing active comparator, monitoring incidence COVID-19 cases. Findings induced antibodies against both SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 BA.5 Omicron variants. geometric mean ratio titers between individuals immunized with those at 14 days 0.96, confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.06. outcome aligns non-inferiority criterion recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), indicating lower limit CI greater than equal 0.67. Induction IFN-γ-producing cells day post-immunization was exclusively observed group. Finally, trend suggested potentially cases boosted compared recipients. Conclusion proved well-tolerated, immunogenic. meets WHO standard AZ/ChAdOx-1-S. These results strongly advocate viable dose, supporting utilization population.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Overcoming the age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response through hybrid immunity: analysis of humoral and cellular immunity with mass cytometry profiling DOI Creative Commons
Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu, Sehee Park, Kyoung Hwa Lee

et al.

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract Background Age-dependent immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BIs) in young middle-aged individuals are unclear. Methods This nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study analyzed participants of the ChAdOx1 (ChAd)-ChAd-mRNA vaccine group using cytometry by time-of-flight, anti-spike protein antibody (Sab) anti-nucleocapsid (Nab) titers, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays at various time points. Results We evaluated 347 with an average age 38.9 ± 9.4 years (range: 21–63). There was a significant inverse correlation between Sab levels after second dose (slope − 14.96, P = 0.032), this more pronounced third 208.9, < 0.001). After BIs, older showed significantly higher titers 398.8, 0.001), reversing age-related decline observed post-vaccination. reversal also PRNTs against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 BA.5 variants. IFN-γ increased markedly Bis, but weak positive age, without statistical significance. Immune cell profiling revealed age-dependent decrease proportions B-cell lineage cells. The naive CD4 + CD8 T cells were inversely correlated whereas mature subsets memory function, including T, EM , EMRA FH cells, age. Conclusions waning serologic response COVID-19 vaccines occurred even individuals, reversed BIs. preserved, compensating for populations, increase populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0