Meta-analysis shows positive effects of plant diversity on microbial biomass and respiration

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 22, 2019

Abstract Soil microorganisms are key to biological diversity and many ecosystem processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the current alarming loss of plant diversity, it is unclear how species affects soil microorganisms. By conducting a global meta-analysis with paired observations mixtures monocultures from 106 studies, we show that microbial biomass, bacterial fungal fungi:bacteria ratio, respiration increase, while Gram-positive Gram-negative bacteria ratio decrease response mixtures. The increases biomass more pronounced older diverse effects on all attributes consistent across types including natural forests, planted grasslands, croplands, containers. Our study underlines strong relationships between ecosystems suggests importance maintaining belowground functioning.

Language: Английский

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Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(12), P. 5308 - 5351

Published: June 12, 2020

Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it also a participant environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount form N available to organisms ("fixed" N). These interacting result acting as proximate limiting nutrient most surface environments. Here, we review global biogeochemical cycle its anthropogenic perturbation. We introduce important reservoirs affecting environment, focusing on ocean, which cycling more generalizable than terrestrial systems, are heterogeneous. Particular attention given that create destroy fixed because these comprise input/output budget, universal availability. discuss preindustrial budgets for marine systems their modern-day alteration by inputs from human activities. summarize evidence indicating simultaneous roles required biomass constituent an intermediate lead stabilizing feedbacks tend blunt impact perturbations at larger spatiotemporal scales, particularly systems. As feedbacks, "N problem" distinct "carbon dioxide being local less global, immediate persistent.

Language: Английский

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Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential identify general macroecological patterns related distribution and functioning soil organisms support their conservation consideration by governance. These analyses need represent diversity environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we characterize existing gaps in taxa data across studies 17,186 sampling sites globe. include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, functional gaps, an almost complete absence temporally explicit data. We also limitations explore biodiversity-ecosystem relationships, with only 0.3% all having both information about biodiversity function, although different taxonomic groups functions at each site. Based on this information, provide clear priorities expand research. Soil organism contributes but function have not been equivalently studied authors locations, environment types, for which there currently lack literature.

Language: Английский

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Soil organic carbon response to global environmental change depends on its distribution between mineral-associated and particulate organic matter: A meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 793, P. 148569 - 148569

Published: June 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Biochar increases soil microbial biomass with changes in extra- and intracellular enzyme activities: a global meta-analysis

Biochar, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 65 - 79

Published: March 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Chemical and biological immobilization mechanisms of potentially toxic elements in biochar-amended soils

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(9), P. 903 - 978

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

The application of biochars for the remediation water and soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has seen a recent growing interest. mechanisms chemical immobilization PTEs in aqueous media have been well defined. However, by which interact soil matrix are more complex. biological their interactions biochar-amended not as This review presents an overview factors governing synergistic effect microorganisms processes. effectiveness improvement microbial mainly depends on biochar properties, rates, environments such organic matter content, clay type pH redox potential. Although some modified appear to be better than pristine PTEs, potential adverse impacts activity should considered. highlights most common analytical methods discover molecular interaction between future research areas required understanding biochar-PTE polluted systems.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic global shifts in biospheric N and P concentrations and ratios and their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, food security, and human health

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1962 - 1985

Published: Jan. 8, 2020

Abstract The availability of carbon (C) from high levels atmospheric dioxide (CO 2 ) and anthropogenic release nitrogen (N) is increasing, but these increases are not paralleled by in phosphorus (P). current unstoppable changes the stoichiometries C N relative to P have no historical precedent. We describe fluxes over last five decades that led asymmetrical inputs biosphere. identified widespread rapid N:P ratios air, soil, water, organisms important consequences structure, function, biodiversity ecosystems. A mass‐balance approach found combined limited was likely reduce storage natural ecosystems during remainder 21st Century, projected crop yields Millennium Ecosystem Assessment indicated an increase nutrient deficiency developing regions if access fertilizer limited. Imbalances ratio would negatively affect human health, food security, global economic geopolitical stability, with feedbacks synergistic effects on drivers environmental change, such as increasing CO , climatic warming, pollution. summarize potential solutions for avoiding negative impacts imbalances environment, biodiversity, climate health.

Language: Английский

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Atmospheric nitrogen deposition impacts on the structure and function of forest mycorrhizal communities: A review

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 148 - 162

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 074003 - 074003

Published: May 30, 2019

Abstract With continuous nitrogen (N) enrichment and sulfur (S) deposition, soil acidification has accelerated become a global environmental issue. However, full understanding of the general pattern ecosystem belowground processes in response to due impacting factors remains elusive. We conducted meta-analysis impacts on functions using 304 observations from 49 independent studies, mainly including cations, nutrient, respiration, root microbial biomass. Our results show that acid addition significantly reduced pH by 0.24 average, with less decrease forest than non-forest ecosystems. The ratio was positively correlated site precipitation temperature, but negatively initial pH. Soil base cations (Ca 2+ , Mg Na + ) decreased while non-base (Al 3+ Fe increased acidification. fine biomass, biomass carbon were 14.7%, 19.1%, 9.6% 12.1%, respectively, under addition. These indicate are sensitive Overall, our suggests strong negative impact functions, potential suppress emission. It also arouses attention toxic effects ions terrestrial

Language: Английский

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Effects of plant diversity on soil carbon in diverse ecosystems: a global meta‐analysis

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 167 - 183

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable resource for mediating global climate change and securing food production. Despite an alarming rate of plant diversity loss, uncertainties concerning the effects on SOC remain, because not only stimulates litter inputs via increased productivity, thus enhancing SOC, but also microbial respiration, reducing SOC. By analysing 1001 paired observations mixtures corresponding monocultures from 121 publications, we show that both content stock are average 5 8% higher in species than monocultures. These positive mixture increase over time more pronounced deeper soils. Microbial biomass carbon, indicator release formation, increases, proportion lower mixtures. Moreover, these species‐mixture consistent across forest, grassland, cropland systems independent background climates. Our results indicate converting 50% forests to would 2.70 Pg C soil annually period 20 years: about 30% annual fossil‐fuel emissions. study highlights importance preservation maintenance sequestration discussions policy.

Language: Английский

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