Trichoderma: Advent of Versatile Biocontrol Agent, Its Secrets and Insights into Mechanism of Biocontrol Potential

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 12786 - 12786

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Trichoderma is an important biocontrol agent for managing plant diseases. species are members of the fungal genus hyphomycetes, which widely distributed in soil. It can function as a well growth promoter. now frequently used biological control agents (BCAs) to combat wide range Major diseases have been successfully managed due their application. spp. being extensively researched order enhance its effectiveness top agent. The activation numerous regulatory mechanisms major factor ability manage Trichoderma-based methods include nutrient competition, mycoparasitism, synthesis antibiotic and hydrolytic enzymes, induced resistance. may synthesize variety secondary metabolites that inhibit activity GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) membrane-bound receptors sense transmit environmental inputs affect metabolism. Related intracellular signalling pathways also play role this process. Secondary produced by activate disease-fighting within plants protect against pathogens. β- Glucuronidase (GUS), green fluorescent protein (gfp), hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hygB), producing genes examples exogenous markers could be identify track specific isolates agro-ecosystems. More than sixty percent biofungicides on market derived from species. These fungi harmful developing Additionally, they solubilize nutrients boost bioremediate contaminants through mechanisms, including mycoparasitism antibiosis. Enzymes industry. This review article intends provide overview update (from 1975 2022) fungi, information key metabolites, genes, interactions with

Language: Английский

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Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 2736 - 2736

Published: July 23, 2023

The phytomicrobiome plays a crucial role in soil and ecosystem health, encompassing both beneficial members providing critical goods services pathogens threatening food safety security. potential benefits of harnessing the power for plant disease suppression management are indisputable interest agriculture but also forestry landscaping. Indeed, diseases can be mitigated by situ manipulations resident microorganisms through agronomic practices (such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, organic mulching, etc.) well applying microbial inoculants. However, numerous challenges, such lack standardized methods microbiome analysis difficulty translating research findings into practical applications at stake. Moreover, climate change is affecting distribution, abundance, virulence many pathogens, while altering functioning, further compounding strategies. Here, we will first review literature demonstrating how agricultural have been found effective promoting health enhancing suppressiveness mitigation shift phytomicrobiome. Challenges barriers to identification use then discussed before focusing on impacts functioning outcome.

Language: Английский

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Can biocontrol be the game-changer in integrated pest management? A review of definitions, methods and strategies

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131(2), P. 265 - 291

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract Global agriculture is heavily dependent on sustainable plant protection. Worldwide, the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) being followed. IPM utilizes a range strategies, with chemical synthetic pesticides employed only as last resort. However, in agricultural practice, farmers continue to rely primarily this option. To further reduce dependence, new strategies are sought strengthen use biological control within approach including identification novel non-synthetic natural compounds. Here, we discuss and report state art research areas such biocontrol agents application ecological principles. These practices can help establish protection systems, greatest impact achieved when they used appropriate combinations. We highlight conditions that currently prevent or hinder increased measures. On background agroecological experiences, why additional advancements imperative more effectively break life cycles pests, diseases weeds. emphasize significance judicious technologies, adapted local conditions. Additionally, key role expertise operators implementing these their knowledge thereof.

Language: Английский

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Fungi of the Trichoderma Genus: Future Perspectives of Benefits in Sustainable Agriculture

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 6434 - 6434

Published: May 24, 2023

The negative impact of chemical pesticides on the environment and human health has contributed to introduction legal regulations that ensure reduction in use agrochemicals favor biological products. existing review literature, including our research, clearly shows ideal biocontrol agents are Trichoderma fungi. production antibiotics, lytic enzymes degrading cell walls plant pathogens, or inducing a defense response plants just some features supporting wide these microorganisms sustainable agriculture. It is estimated currently about 60% biofungicides used eliminate fungal pathogens produced based sp. strains.

Language: Английский

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Recent Insights into the Use of Antagonistic Yeasts for Sustainable Biomanagement of Postharvest Pathogenic and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Fruits with Their Prevention Strategies against Mycotoxins

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(26), P. 9923 - 9950

Published: June 23, 2023

Fungi-induced postharvest diseases are the leading causes of food loss and waste. In this context, fruit decay can be directly attributed to phytopathogenic and/or mycotoxin-producing fungi. The U.N. Sustainable Development Goals aim end hunger by 2030 improving security, sustainable agriculture, production systems. Antagonistic yeasts one methods presented achieve these goals. Unlike physical chemical methods, harnessing antagonistic as a biological method controls caused fungi adsorbs degrades mycotoxins sustainably. Therefore, their antifungal mechanisms have gained importance. Additionally, mycotoxins' biodetoxification is carried out due occurrence fungal species in fruits. Combinations with processes agents been investigated increase yeasts' efficiency. review provides comprehensive summary studies on preventing mycotoxigenic fruits, well biocontrolling mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Biopesticides: Diversity, Scope, and Mechanisms Involved in Plant Disease Control

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 457 - 457

Published: March 19, 2023

Food losses, defined as a reduction in the quantity and quality of food during production storage, impact safety security. Losses caused by plant pathogens are among most significant. Chemical pesticides have been extensively used to prevent microbial diseases. Their toxicity reduced efficacy, however, encouraged investigators develop alternatives. Alternatives based on biopesticides tend be safer more environmentally benign than conventional pesticides. In recent years, formulations progressively increased number diversity attracted commercial interest. Understanding mechanisms which control disease is fundamental achieving optimal control. Biocontrol can divided into two main categories: those related ability inhibit or their virulence factors, that enhance host fitness induce resistance. Here, first type strategy reviewed, directly mediated physical contact between biocontrol agents indirectly exposure pathogen antimicrobial microbial-inhibiting compounds produced antagonist. Mechanisms involving include mycophagy, destruction pathogenic bacteria bacteriophages predation, inhibition topical applications specific dsRNA. Indirect do not involve direct with compounds, competition, factor suppression quorum quenching. These topics reviewed discussed.

Language: Английский

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Agricultural Bioinputs Obtained by Solid-State Fermentation: From Production in Biorefineries to Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 1076 - 1076

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Agriculture plays a major role on society, especially in developing countries which rely commodity exportation markets. To maintain high crop productivity, the use of agrochemicals was once employed as main strategy, turn affected soil, water, and human health. In order to aid this issue, identifying some alternatives, such implementation biofertilizers inoculants bioinputs modern agriculture, are imperative improve ecosystem quality. Among these bioinputs, few bioproducts have shown good performances, phytohormones (e.g., auxins giberellins), biosurfactants, other enzymes; thus, it is extremely important assure quality feasibility their production biorefinery scenarios. These can be synthesized through fermentation processes utilizing plant biomasses agricultural byproducts carbon sources. sense, increase tecno-economical availability processes, solid-state (SSF) has great potential due its ease operation cost-attractiveness. Therefore, study aims describe substrates used SSF systems for bioinputs; associated hurdles, parameters, conditions selection; most suitable microorganisms; underlying mechanisms molecules soil dynamics. Within context, expected contribute development new biorefineries mitigation environmental impacts.

Language: Английский

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Biofungicides Based on Plant Extracts: On the Road to Organic Farming

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 6879 - 6879

Published: June 22, 2024

Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for diseases in commercially important crops and cause major supply problems the global food chain. Plants were able to protect themselves from disease before humans played an active role protecting plants. They known synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites (SMs), such as terpenes, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, which can be extracted using conventional unconventional techniques formulate biofungicides; plant extracts have antifungal activity various mechanisms action against these organisms. In addition, they considered non-phytotoxic potentially effective control. sustainable economically viable alternative use agriculture, is why biofungicides increasingly recognized attractive option solve caused by synthetic fungicides. Currently, organic farming continues grow, highlighting importance developing environmentally friendly alternatives crop production. This review provides compilation literature on biosynthesis, phytopathogens, extraction formulation biofungicides, biological phytopathogenic fungi, regulation, advantages, disadvantages overview current agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Use of biological control agents for managing fungal pathogens in Solanaceae crops: progress and future perspectives—a review

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The growing global population has intensified concerns about food security, making it essential to produce crops sustainably meet increasing demands without harming the environment. In this regard, biological control agents (BCAs) have recently gained more attention owing their potential manage fungal diseases of crops, particularly in Solanaceae family. proper use selected BCAs such as Trichoderma spp., Bacillus Pseudomonas fluorescens, Beauveria bassiana, and Gliocladium spp. several benefits for crops. This review aims summarize effectiveness various strategies We also provide basic knowledge on along with suggestions further research reduce severity these destructive diseases.

Language: Английский

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Fungal Biocontrol Agents in the Management of Postharvest Losses of Fresh Produce—A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 82 - 82

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Postharvest decay of vegetables and fruits presents a significant threat confronting sustainable food production worldwide, in the recent times, applying synthetic fungicides has become most popular technique managing postharvest losses. However, there are concerns reported proofs hazardous impacts on consumers’ health environment, traceable to application chemical treatments as preservatives fresh produce. Physical methods, other hand, cause damage produce, exposing it even more infections. Therefore, healthier environmentally friendly alternatives existing methods for decays produce should be advocated. There is increasing consensus that utilization biological control agents (BCAs), mainly fungi, represents effective strategy controlling losses compared physical treatments. Secretion antifungal compounds, parasitism, well competition nutrients space common antagonistic mechanisms employed by these BCAs. This article provides an overview (i) currently used management diseases highlighting their limitations, (ii) use biocontrol alternative such diseases, with emphasis fungal antagonists, mode action, and, importantly, advantages when commonly used. We therefore hypothesize antagonists prevention loss methods. Finally, particular attention given gaps observed establishing beneficial microbes BCAs factors hamper development, particularly terms shelf life, efficacy, commercialization, legislation procedures.

Language: Английский

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