MAIT cells and the microbiome

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes, strikingly enriched at mucosal surfaces and characterized by a semi-invariant αβ cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial derived intermediates of riboflavin synthesis presented the MHC-Ib molecule MR1. At barrier sites MAIT occupy prime position for interaction with commensal microorganisms, comprising microbiota. The microbiota is rich source antigens required in early life to promote intra-thymic development sustain life-long population tissue resident cells. A symbiotic relationship thought be maintained health whereby microbes maturation homeostasis, turn can engage TCR-dependent "tissue repair" program presence organisms conducive sustaining function integrity community. activation induced MR1-TCR dependent manner or through independent mechanisms

Language: Английский

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Bacteroides and NAFLD: pathophysiology and therapy

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 20, 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic condition observed globally, with the potential to progress non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs for treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD characterized by histopathological abnormalities in liver, such as lipid accumulation, steatosis, hepatic balloon degeneration, inflammation. Dysbiosis gut microbiota its metabolites significantly contribute initiation advancement Bacteroides , probiotic, shown strong preventing onset progression However, precise mechanism which treats remains uncertain. In this review, we explore current understanding role NAFLD, focusing on their ability reduce inflammation, mitigate enhance intestinal barrier function. Additionally, summarize how alleviates pathological changes restoring metabolism, improving insulin resistance, regulating cytokines, promoting tight-junctions. A deeper comprehension mechanisms through involved pathogenesis should aid development innovative targeting

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Effects of Probiotics and Lifestyle Interventions on Intestinal Microbiota Composition and Clinical Outcomes in Obese Adults

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 70 - 70

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background and objective: Obesity is a growing global epidemic. The composition of the intestinal microbiota can be influenced by several factors. Studies highlight role bacteria in pathophysiology obesity. So, objective this study was to investigate whether use probiotics, together with healthy lifestyle habits, contributes weight reduction obese individuals analyzing profile. Methods: A prospective carried out 45 adults Participants underwent guidance on received probiotic component containing different microbiological strains were followed for 60 days. Clinical parameters, body composition, biochemical analysis, assessment performed before after treatment. After days, it observed that bacterial present patients’ microbiota. also showed improvements physical activity, sleep quality, anxiety management, as well changes some eating such consumption processed foods significant increase water intake. Results: BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides observed, addition an HDL improvement bowel movement frequency, stool consistency. Analysis revealed microbial diversity better balance between phyla Firmicutes Bacteroidetes. Conclusions: related improving microbiota, dietary increased reduced anxiety, quality have significantly contributed loss physiological parameters individuals.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal IL-33 promotes microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide synthesis and drives metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression by exerting dual regulation on HIF-1α

Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 10, 2024

Background and Aims: Gut microbiota plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). IL-33 is highly expressed at mucosal barrier sites regulates intestinal homeostasis. Herein, we aimed to investigate mechanism MASLD. Approach Results: In both humans mice with MASLD, hepatic expression its receptor suppression tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) showed no significant change compared controls, while serum soluble ST2 levels humans, as well were significantly increased Deletion global or alleviated disorders, inflammation, fibrosis associated MASLD by reducing permeability rectifying gut dysbiosis. Transplantation from deficiency prevented progression wild-type mice. Moreover, resulted decrease abundance trimethylamine N -oxide–producing bacteria. Inhibition -oxide synthesis 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol mitigated oxidative stress Nuclear bound hypoxia-inducible factor-1α suppressed activation, directly damaging integrity barrier. Extracellular destroyed balance Th1/Th17 facilitated Th1 differentiation through ST2- Hif1a - Tbx21 axis. Knockout diminished phenotype resembling that observed Conclusions: Intestinal enhanced microbiota–derived aggravated dual regulation on factor-1α. Targeting may provide potential therapeutic strategy for managing

Language: Английский

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Glucose-lowering effects of a synbiotic combination containing Pediococcus acidilactici in C. elegans and mice

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(11), P. 2117 - 2138

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Previous data from our group suggest that strain Pediococcus acidilactici CECT9879 (pA1c) could be an effective probiotic for regulating glucose metabolism. Hence, objectives this study were verify effectiveness pA1c on glycaemic regulation in diet-induced obese mice evaluate whether combination with other normoglycaemic ingredients, such chromium picolinate (PC) oat β-glucans (BGC), increase efficacy lipid metabolism.Caenorhabditis elegans was used screening model describe potential synbiotic activities, together underlying mechanisms action. In addition, 4-week-old male C57BL/6J fed high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFS) 6 weeks induce hyperglycaemia Mice then divided into eight groups (n=12 mice/group) according dietary supplementation: control-diet group; HFS (1010 colony-forming units/day); PC; BGC; pA1c+PC+BGC; pA1c+PC; pA1c+BGC. Supplementations maintained 10 weeks. Fasting blood determined IPGTT performed prior euthanasia. Fat depots, liver organs weighed, serum biochemical variables analysed. Gene expression analyses conducted by real-time quantitative PCR. Sequencing V3-V4 region 16S rRNA gene faecal samples each performed, differential abundance family, genera species analysed ALDEx2R package.Supplementation (pA1c+PC+BGC) counteracted effect high modulating insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway C. elegans, through reversal nuclear localisation daf-16. mice, all supplemented significantly ameliorated tolerance after IPGTT, demonstrating glycaemia-regulating pA1c. Further, pA1c+PC+BGC exhibited lower fasting glucose, reduced proportion visceral adiposity higher muscle tissue, improvement brown adipose tissue comparison group. Besides, steatosis damage normalised synbiotic. demonstrated activity mediated not only modulation pathway, overexpression GLUT-1 GLUT-4 mediators, but also decreased proinflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1. metagenomics combinations allowed concentration P. acidilactici, improvements intestinal reduction Prevotella Akkermansia muciniphila.Our PC BGC may help fight insulin resistance,

Language: Английский

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Is weight-adjusted waist index more strongly associated with diabetes than body mass index and waist circumference?: Results from the database large community sample study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. e0309150 - e0309150

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Background The uncertainty regarding the correlation between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and diabetes within National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) necessitates further exploration. As indicators of obesity, differences in intensity association WWI, body mass (BMI), circumference (WC) with are worth exploring. This investigation is undertaken to elucidate WWI NHANES dataset compare extent which BMI, WC, were closely associated diabetes. Then, choose an obesity that more strongly Methods A comprehensive cross-sectional stratified survey 7,973 participants from 2017–2020 was conducted. anthropometric measure based on WC weight. formula (cm/√kg) = WC/√weight. investigated using weighted multiple logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, analysis, interaction testing. Results participants’ average age 50.84±17.34 years, 50.68% them female. detection rate 15.11%. positive particularly notable among non-diabetic patients. For each unit increase BMI as continuous variables, likelihood developing fully adjusted model increased by 5% (OR 1.05; 95%CI, 1.03–1.07) 3% 1.03; 1.02–1.04), respectively, but for one-unit 111% 2.11; 95% CI, 1.68–2.65). Tests interactions revealed various subgroups, remained steady. Conclusions We analyzed data explore link diabetes, finding a consistent correlation. stronger than BMI. seems offer better potential aid disease prevention diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Safety and efficacy assessment of fecal microbiota transplantation as an adjunctive treatment for IgA nephropathy: an exploratory clinical trial

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dietary supplementation with milk‐derived Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis relieves colitis‐linked reproductive disorders via gut‐testis axis

iMetaOmics., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract Rapid urbanization, medication, and modern dietary patterns are the main challenges leading to impaired fertility, with a lack of effective therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that reproductive disorders may be closely associated intestinal damage or occasionally worsen by side effects medications. Therefore, development supplements as alternatives is crucial for intestinal‐linked health. Milk dairy products essential in nutrition great potential functional ingredients. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis NJ241 (NJ241), promising probiotic isolated from naturally fermented bovine milk, remains underexplored. This study aims investigate molecular mechanisms on colitis its disorders. The biomarker microbes their correlated metabolites were further explored 16S rRNA sequencing metabolomics. Hematological analysis histopathological examination applied conjoined identification. Results indicated effectively restored expression levels Claudin‐2 MLCK1, reducing permeability. Multi‐omics results revealed improve gut barrier integrity increasing abundance Akkermansia muciniphila metabolite trans‐ferulic acid. effect was accompanied reduction pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 both serum testicular tissue, mediated through TLR4 signaling pathway. Consequently, restoration microbiota homeostasis systemic inflammation rescued spermatogenesis, which colitis. current findings consistently elucidated mechanism ameliorates colitis‐linked gut‐testis axis. Additionally, demonstrates promise supplement fortified provides strong health benefits milk.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal‐associated invariant T cells correlate with myocardial ischaemia and remodelling in coronary artery disease

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Objectives Myocardial ischaemia and remodelling are major contributors to the progression mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have shown immune cell alterations in CAD patients, but their characteristics associations with myocardial remain unclear. Methods We compared changes among patients without CAD, those heart failure (HF). Results found a progressive reduction circulating mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells across three patient groups. MAIT exhibited increased expression activation markers (CD69 PD‐1) cytotoxic molecules (such as granzyme B). The features were correlated positively worsening clinical indicators remodelling, including Gensini score, cTnI, NT‐proBNP, LVEF E/e′. Additionally, reduction, cytotoxicity associated fibrosis (sST2, Gal‐3, PICP PIIINP), central pathological mechanism remodelling. Finally, we preliminarily explored potential triggers for abnormalities that impaired intestinal barrier function bacterial antigens may contribute these changes. Conclusions During progression, observed decrease cells. Enhanced failure, potentially triggered by gut microbial leakage. Our findings suggest novel strategy monitoring intervention progression.

Language: Английский

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Morchella esculenta polysaccharides ameliorate obesity by enriching Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106552 - 106552

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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