Effectiveness of the first and second SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose: a nationwide cohort study from Austria on hybrid versus natural immunity

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations in previously SARS-CoV-2–infected adults general population Austria during Delta wave and with extended follow-up. Methods In a nationwide retrospective cohort study, we calculated age-, sex-, nursing home residency–adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths, SARS-CoV-2 infections, non-COVID-19 deaths from 1 October 31 December 2021, secondarily follow-up 30 June 2022. Relative vaccine (rVE) is rVE = (1 – HR) × 100. Results Among 494 646 infected adults, 169 543 had received doses, 133 567 dose, 190 275 were unvaccinated at baseline. recorded 17 COVID-19 (6 vaccinated, 11 unvaccinated) 8209 infections. Absolute risk was 0.003%. estimates for reinfections exceeded 75% until end 2021 but decreased substantially The death lower those vaccinated versus unvaccinated. Conclusions First second doses appear effective short-term, diminishing over time. extremely low mortality, regardless vaccination, indicates strong protection previous infection against death. Lower mortality might suggest healthy vaccinee bias.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG Responses and Their Protective Effect against Fatal Disease after Booster COVID-19 Vaccination

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

During the post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) era, a primary question is whether booster vaccination effective against severe COVID-19 and should be recommended, particularly to individuals at high risk for (i.e., elderly or those with additional comorbidities). From December 2020 February 2023, cohort study was conducted estimate IgG IgA immunogenicity dynamics of mono- bivalent mRNA vaccines in 260 (male/female: 114/146, median age: 68 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 31) who initially received either (218) adenovirus-vector-based (42). Participants were followed until 90th day after third dose. Our indicated beneficial effect on magnitude acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. We found that second doses more protective than one fatal (p 0.031, OR 0.08). In conclusion, strongly especially severe/fatal disease.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 immunity

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 101 - 102

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 Immunity in the Context of the Pathogenesis of COVID‐19, Immune Evasion of the Virus, and the Effectiveness of Vaccination

Published: May 28, 2024

Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 emerged in December 2019, significant research has been conducted around the world to understand virus- and vaccine-generated immune response, identify drivers of disease 19 (COVID-19). Although viral tropism is largely limited tract, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead COVID-19 disease, which characterized by multiorgan failure permanent cognitive disorders. The combined effects virus-mediated inhibition host antiviral mechanisms recognition pathogen-associated molecules pattern receptors (PRRs) are main pathogenesis disease. innate system constitutes first line defense against limiting entry virus into cell, suppressing replication, detecting virus-infected cells, accelerating formation adaptive response. composed two basic B T serve different but complementary functions infections. critical role immunity clearing well known, its function development virus-induced immunopathogenesis remains poorly understood. characteristic humoral response creation specific antibodies each foreign antigen encountered. Antibodies that sense pathogens classified as neutralizing (nAbs) non-neutralizing (non-nAbs) based on their capacity neutralize inhibit membrane fusion. While nAbs exert activities blocking ACE2-dependent cells pathogens, non-nAbs often undetectable. level anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum mucosal tissues varies with stage severity infection. current vaccines elicit robust antibody responses, this effect decreases over time, due weakening emergence novel variants evade such Delta Omicron. may surveillance minimizing interfering cellular signaling. In review article, central responses effectiveness vaccines, evasion strategies discussed detail light knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Long-term antibody response after the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in MASLD patients

BMC Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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