The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 461 - 478

Published: May 23, 2019

Language: Английский

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SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 80(1), P. 37 - 49

Published: April 2, 2020

In recent years, the importance of gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and many publications have highlighted its role as a key component physiology. Owing to use modern sequencing approaches, characterisation microbiome healthy individuals disease demonstrated disturbance microbiota, or dysbiosis, associated with pathological conditions. The establishes symbiotic crosstalk their host: commensal microbes benefit from nutrient-rich environment provided by produces hundreds proteins metabolites that modulate functions host, including nutrient processing, maintenance energy homoeostasis immune system development. Many bacteria-derived originate dietary sources. Among them, an important attributed derived bacterial fermentation fibres, namely SCFA linking host nutrition intestinal maintenance. are fuels for epithelial cells (IEC) regulate IEC through different mechanisms proliferation, differentiation well subpopulations such enteroendocrine cells, impact motility strengthen barrier metabolism. Recent findings show SCFA, particular butyrate, also immuno-modulatory functions. this review, we discuss on immunity consequently health.

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulatory potential of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)

Acta Biochimica Polonica, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2019

Intestinal microbiota is an element of the bacterial ecosystem in all mammalian organisms. These microorganisms play a very important part development, functioning, and modulation immune system from moment birth. In recent years, owing to use modern sequencing techniques, microbiome composition healthy people has been identified based on 16S rRNA analysis. Currently, more attention being given influence host’s cellular metabolism. Analysis microbial metabolites, among them short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), disruption intestinal homeostasis terms their effects molecular regulatory mechanisms reactions will surely improve understanding etiology many common diseases. SCFAs, mainly butyrate, propionate, acetate, occur specific amounts, proportions can change, depending diet, age The levels SCFAs are substantially influenced by ratio commensal bacteria, disturbance which (dysbiosis) lead disproportion between produced. regarded as mediators communication system. signal they produce transferred, others, cells via free acid receptors (FFARs), belong family G protein-coupled (GPCRs). It also confirmed that inhibit activity histone deacetylase (HDAC) – enzyme involved post-translational modifications, namely process deacetylation and, what new, crotonylation. properties have effect immunomodulatory potential i.e. maintaining anti/pro-inflammatory balance. act not only locally intestines colonized but cells, modulate response multi-protein inflammasome complexes. contribute maintenance urinary (kidneys), respiratory (lungs), central nervous system, sight organ.

Language: Английский

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The evolving metabolic landscape of chromatin biology and epigenetics

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 737 - 753

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1–3) are histone lysine delactylases

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3)

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Lysine L-lactylation [K(L-la)] is a newly discovered histone mark stimulated under conditions of high glycolysis, such as the Warburg effect. K(L-la) associated with functions that are different from widely studied acetylation. While can be introduced by acetyltransferase p300, delactylases enzymes remained unknown. Here, we report systematic evaluation zinc- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylases (HDACs) for their ability to cleave ε- N -L-lactyllysine marks. Our screens identified HDAC1–3 SIRT1–3 in vitro. show robust activity toward not only but also K(D-la) diverse short-chain acyl modifications. We further confirmed de-L-lactylase HDACs 1 3 cells. Together, these data suggest lactylation installed removed regulatory opposed spontaneous chemical reactivity. results therefore represent an important step full characterization this pathway’s elements.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived acetate protects against respiratory syncytial virus infection through a GPR43-type 1 interferon response

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 22, 2019

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <2 years-old. Here we describe that high-fiber diet protects mice from RSV infection. This effect was dependent on intestinal microbiota production acetate. Oral administration acetate mediated interferon-β (IFN-β) response by increasing expression interferon-stimulated genes the lung. These effects were associated with reduction viral load pulmonary inflammation RSV-infected mice. Type 1 IFN signaling via IFN-1 receptor (IFNAR) essential for antiviral activity epithelial cell lines protective Activation Gpr43 cells reduced virus-induced cytotoxicity promoted through IFN-β response. The abolished Gpr43-/- Our findings reveal involving lung engagement GPR43 IFNAR.

Language: Английский

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Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 546, P. 111572 - 111572

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Host Metabolism Through the Regulation of Gut Hormone Release

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 16, 2019

The microbial community of the gut conveys significant benefits to host physiology. A clear relationship has now been established between bacteria and metabolism in which microbial-mediated hormone release plays an important role. Within lumen, produce a number metabolites contain structural components that act as signaling molecules cell types within mucosa. Enteroendocrine cells mucosal lining synthesize secrete hormones including CCK, PYY, GLP-1, GIP 5-HT, have regulatory roles key metabolic processes such insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, fat storage appetite. Release these can be influenced by presence their such, is component regulation metabolism. Dietary or pharmacological interventions alter microbiome therefore pose potential therapeutics for treatment human disorders. This review aims describe complex interaction intestinal microbiota enteroendocrine cells, highlight how influence through release.

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 577 - 595

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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