Denitrification in soil as a function of oxygen availability at the microscale DOI Creative Commons
Lena Rohe,

Bernd Apelt,

Hans J. Vogel

et al.

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 1185 - 1201

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Abstract. The prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions formed by biotic denitrification in soil is notoriously difficult due to challenges capturing co-occurring processes at microscopic scales. N2O production reduction depend on the spatial extent anoxic conditions soil, which turn are a function oxygen (O2) supply through diffusion O2 demand respiration presence an alternative electron acceptor (e.g. nitrate). This study aimed explore controlling factors complete terms (N2O + N2) fluxes repacked soils taking micro-environmental directly into account. was achieved measuring microscale saturation estimating anaerobic volume fraction (ansvf) based internal air distribution measured with X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). were explored systemically full factorial design organic matter (SOM; 1.2 % 4.5 %), aggregate size (2–4 4–8 mm), water (70 %, 83 95 water-holding capacity, WHC) as factors. CO2 monitored gas chromatography. 15N flux method used estimate N2. N could only be predicted well when explanatory variables for considered jointly. Combining emission ansvf proxies resulted explained variability together product ratio [N2O / N2)] (pr) 81 emissions. concentration microsensors poor predictor over small distances combined measurement microsensors. substitution predictors independent, readily available (SOM) (diffusivity) reduced predictive power considerably (60 66 (N2O+N2) fluxes, respectively). new approach using CT imaging analysis quantify structure combination measurements opens up perspectives soil. will also contribute improving models can help develop mitigation strategies improve use efficiency.

Language: Английский

Tamm Review: Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis DOI Creative Commons
Mathias Mayer, Cindy E. Prescott,

Wafa E. Abaker

et al.

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 118127 - 118127

Published: April 8, 2020

Almost half of the total organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems is stored forest soils. By altering rates input or release C from soils, management activities can influence soil stocks forests. In this review, we synthesize current evidence regarding influences 13 common practices on stocks. Afforestation former croplands generally increases stocks, whereas grasslands and peatlands, are unchanged even reduced following afforestation. The conversion primary forests to secondary reduces particularly if land converted an agricultural land-use prior reforestation. Harvesting, clear-cut harvesting, results a reduction floor upper mineral soil. Removal residues by harvesting whole-trees stumps negatively affects Soil disturbance site preparation decreases top soil, however improved growth tree seedlings may outweigh losses over rotation. Nitrogen (N) addition has overall positive effect across wide range ecosystems. Likewise, higher faster accumulation occur under species with N-fixing associates. Stocks also differ different species, coniferous accumulating more broadleaved tending store There some that increased diversity could positively affect temperate subtropical forests, but identity, seems have stronger impact than diversity. Management stand density thinning small effects high populations ungulate herbivores, herbivory levels increase plant biomass for fodder fuel related Fire such as prescribed burning reduce less so wildfires which intense. For each practice, identify existing gaps knowledge suggest research address gaps.

Language: Английский

Citations

559
Microbial necromass as the source of soil organic carbon in global ecosystems DOI
Baorong Wang, Shaoshan An, Chao Liang

et al.

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 108422 - 108422

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

477
Soil organic matter formation, persistence, and functioning: A synthesis of current understanding to inform its conservation and regeneration DOI
Maurizio Cotrufo, Jocelyn M. Lavallee

Advances in agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 66

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

345
Root effects on soil organic carbon: a double‐edged sword DOI Open Access
Feike A. Dijkstra, Biao Zhu, Weixin Cheng

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 230(1), P. 60 - 65

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Summary From recent developments on how roots affect soil organic carbon (SOC) an apparent paradox has emerged where drive SOC stabilization causing accrual, but also destabilization loss. We synthesize current results and propose the new Rhizo‐Engine framework consisting of two linked components: microbial turnover physicochemical matrix. The is driven by rhizodeposition, root turnover, plant uptake nutrients water, thereby accelerating through both mechanisms. This emphasizes need for a more holistic approach to study root‐driven dynamics. would provide better understanding effects sequestration sensitivity stocks climate land‐use changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

299
Soil and environmental issues in sandy soils DOI
Jingyi Huang, Alfred E. Hartemink

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 103295 - 103295

Published: July 22, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

255
Soil carbon sequestration – An interplay between soil microbial community and soil organic matter dynamics DOI
Siddhartha Shankar Bhattacharyya, Gerard H. Ros, Karolina Furtak

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 815, P. 152928 - 152928

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

233
An extended root phenotype: the rhizosphere, its formation and impacts on plant fitness DOI Creative Commons

Carla de la Fuente Cantó,

Marie Simonin, Eoghan King

et al.

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 103(3), P. 951 - 964

Published: April 23, 2020

Plants forage soil for water and nutrients, whose distribution is patchy often dynamic. To improve their foraging activities, plants have evolved mechanisms to modify the physicochemical properties microbial communities of rhizosphere, i.e. compartment under influence roots. This dynamic interplay in root-soil-microbiome interactions creates emerging that impact plant nutrition health. As a consequence, rhizosphere can be considered an extended root phenotype, manifestation effects genes on environment inside and/or outside organism. Here, we review current understanding how shape benefits it confers fitness. We discuss future research challenges applying solutions crops will enable us harvest phenotype.

Language: Английский

Citations

220
Plant biodiversity and the regeneration of soil fertility DOI Creative Commons
George N. Furey, David Tilman

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(49)

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Significance Both plant biodiversity and soil fertility are in decline. We find that restoration of on a nutrient-poor, unfertilized led to greater increases than occurred when these same species grew monocultures. The this experiment fell along trade-off surface their nutrient content traits, precluding any one species, or type from markedly increasing fertility. Our results have implications for degraded agroecosystems, suggesting functional may help restore Creative applications our findings pastures, cover crops, intercropping systems provide greenhouse gas benefits carbon storage reduce the amounts fertilizers needed optimal yields.

Language: Английский

Citations

160
Nutrient addition reduces carbon sequestration in a Tibetan grassland soil: Disentangling microbial and physical controls DOI
Ruyi Luo, Yakov Kuzyakov, Deyan Liu

et al.

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 107764 - 107764

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

159
Dynamic Stability of Soil Carbon: Reassessing the “Permanence” of Soil Carbon Sequestration DOI Creative Commons
Katherine A. Dynarski, Déborah Bossio, Kate M. Scow

et al.

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 13, 2020

Enhancing soil organic matter in agricultural soils has potential to contribute climate mitigation while also promoting health and resilience. However, carbon (C) sequestration projects are rare C markets. One concern surrounding is uncertainty regarding the permanence of newly sequestered C. This scientific exacerbated by differences terminology used scientists policymakers, which impedes integration new findings longevity into evidence-based policies. Here, we review evolution understanding lifespan language describe it both policy sectors. We find that recent have bearing on not part discussions policy, conversely, policymaker concerns clearly addressed research. From a perspective, generally assumed be vulnerable pool at risk being quickly lost via microbial degradation or other avenues physical loss if building practices maintained indefinitely. assumption been challenged advances demonstrating consumption transformation plant-derived actually necessary for long-term storage matter. argue can best understood as resulting from continual movement compounds throughout matrix, show this definition directly odds with how represented current Given interest policies promote activities, resolving these definitions critical. further identify priority areas future research order answer key questions about lifespan, help develop tools benchmarks assess efficacy efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

152