The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 96 - 110

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 1 - 67

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, climate change are presented within framework Montreal Protocol Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect atmosphere air quality; human health; terrestrial aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; materials used in outdoor construction, energy technologies, fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from seasonality extreme events due to change. Additionally, we assess transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, context linkages with UV radiation Protocol.

Language: Английский

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Non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses support a role for vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease risk

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(18), P. 1731 - 1739

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Low vitamin D status is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although most existing linear Mendelian randomization (MR) studies reported null effect of on CVD risk, non-linear cannot be excluded. Our aim was to apply the MR design investigate association serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] concentration risk.

Language: Английский

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Association of Antihypertensive Drug Target Genes With Psychiatric Disorders

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 78(6), P. 623 - 623

Published: March 10, 2021

Observational studies have reported associations between antihypertensive medication and psychiatric disorders, although the direction of association appears to be dependent on drug class.To estimate potential effect different classes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder.This 2-sample mendelian randomization study assessed a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) target gene expression derived from existing quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data in blood (sample 1) SNV-disease published case-control genome-wide 2). Significant were corroborated using brain eQTL protein QTL data. Participants included 40 675 patients with schizophrenia 64 643 controls, 20 352 disorder 31 358 135 458 344 901 controls. Blood levels measured 684 individuals 37 cohorts (eQTLGen consortium); prefrontal cortex eQTLs PsychENCODE resource 1387 individuals; QTLs cerebral spinal fluid 544 plasma 818 individuals. Data collected October 4, 2019, June 1, 2020, analyzed 14, 6, 2020.Expression genes as proxies for exposure, genetic variants robustly associated these instruments.Risk disorder.A 1-SD lower angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was systolic pressure 4.0 (95% CI, 2.7-5.3) mm Hg, but increased risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.75; 95% 1.28-2.38; P = 3.95 × 10-4). A concordant also observed ACE (OR, 1.33; 1.13-1.56) (OR per decrease, 1.12; 1.05-1.19) 1.04; 1.01-1.07). We found no evidence an genetically estimated SBP risk.Findings suggest adverse messenger RNA risk. These findings warrant greater pharmacovigilance further investigation into inhibitors, particularly those that are centrally acting, symptoms well role inhibitor use late-onset schizophrenia.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175(11), P. 1552 - 1559

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Low vitamin D status is associated with increased mortality, but randomized trials on severely deficient participants are lacking.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D deficiency and C-reactive protein: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

International Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 260 - 271

Published: April 14, 2022

Abstract Background Low vitamin D status is often associated with systemic low-grade inflammation as reflected by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We investigated the causality and direction of association between CRP using linear non-linear Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods MR analyses were conducted data from 294 970 unrelated participants White-British ancestry UK Biobank. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] concentrations instrumented 35 46 genome-wide significant variants, respectively. Results In analysis, genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D had an L-shaped CRP, where levels decreased sharply increasing concentration for within deficiency range (<25 nmol/L) levelled off at ∼50 nmol/L (Pnon-linear = 1.49E-4). Analyses several pleiotropy-robust methods provided consistent results in stratified analyses, confirming inverse (P 1.10E-05) but not higher concentrations. Neither or analysis supported a causal effect level on (Plinear 0.32 Pnon-linear 0.76). Conclusion The observed likely to be caused deficiency. Correction low may reduce chronic inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and the Central Nervous System: Causative and Preventative Mechanisms in Brain Disorders

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 4353 - 4353

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Twenty of the last one hundred years vitamin D research have involved investigations brain as a target organ for this hormone. Our group was first to investigate outcomes resulting from primarily restricting dietary during development. With advent new molecular and neurochemical techniques in neuroscience, there has been increasing interest potential neuroprotective actions response variety adverse exposures how hormone could affect development function. Rather than provide an exhaustive summary data listing neurological or psychiatric conditions that deficiency associated with, here, we update on cellular processes may be targeting psychiatry neurology.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies

European Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 467 - 490

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Incorporating biological and clinical insights into variant choice for Mendelian randomisation: examples and principles

eGastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. e100042 - e100042

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Mendelian randomisation is an accessible and valuable epidemiological approach to provide insight into the causal nature of relationships between risk factor exposures disease outcomes. However, if performed without critical thought, we may simply have replaced one set implausible assumptions (no unmeasured confounding or reverse causation) with another pleiotropy other instrument invalidity). The most decision avoid which genetic variants use as instrumental variables. Two broad strategies for selection are a biologically motivated strategy genome-wide strategy; in general, preferred. In this review, discuss various ways implementing strategy: using coding gene region exposure that encodes regulator levels, positive control variable biomarker rather than its behavioural proxy. some cases, analysis can important complementary evidence, even when reliability questionable. biologically-motivated not be possible. choice must informed by biological functional considerations where possible, requiring collaboration combine clinical insights appropriate statistical methodology.

Language: Английский

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Connecting genomic results for psychiatric disorders to human brain cell types and regions reveals convergence with functional connectivity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abstract Identifying cell types and brain regions critical for psychiatric disorders traits is essential targeted neurobiological research. By integrating genomic insights from genome-wide association studies with a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult human brain, we prioritized specific neuronal clusters significantly enriched SNP-heritabilities schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder along intelligence, education, neuroticism. Extrapolation cell-type results to reveals whole-brain impact schizophrenia genetic risk, subregions in hippocampus amygdala exhibiting most significant enrichment SNP-heritability. Using functional MRI connectivity, further confirmed significance central lateral amygdala, hippocampal body, prefrontal cortex distinguishing cases controls. Our findings underscore value transcriptomics understanding polygenicity suggest promising alignment genomic, transcriptomic, imaging modalities identifying common biological targets.

Language: Английский

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