Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(5), P. 979 - 992

Published: March 27, 2022

Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography conservation. Expert maps often represent only available distributional play increasing role conservation assessments macroecology. We provide for the native ranges all extant mammal species harmonised taxonomy Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, Handbook Mammals World (HMW) Illustrated Checklist (CMW).Global.All species.Range were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error-checked subsequently taxonomically aligned between HMW (6253 species), CMW (6431 species) MDD taxonomies (6362 species).Range can be evaluated visualised online map browser at Map Life (mol.org) accessed individual or batch download non-commercial use.Expert distributions are limited their spatial detail temporal specificity, but form useful basis broad-scale characterizations model-based integration with other data. georeferenced as shapefiles, species-level metadata source packaged together geodatabase format. Across three taxonomic sources our entail, there 1784 name differences compared currently IUCN Red List website. The expert provided here authority linked community tools that will enable transparent future updates version control.

Language: Английский

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Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 924 - 935

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Wildlife must adapt to human presence survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical understand species responses humans different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens view mammal changes activity during COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 sampled 102 projects around world, amount and timing of animal varied widely. Under higher activity, mammals were less active undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more developed while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores most sensitive, showing strongest decreases greatest increases managers consider how habituation uneven sensitivity across may cause fundamental differences human–wildlife interactions along gradients influence.

Language: Английский

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Digital postprocessing and image segmentation for objective analysis of colorimetric reactions

Nature Protocols, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 218 - 238

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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Protected areas are now the last strongholds for many imperiled mammal species

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(6)

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Abstract The global network of terrestrial protected areas (PAs) has experienced a fourfold expansion since the 1970s. Yet, there is increasing debate around role PA estate in covering and sustaining threatened species, with serious ramifications for current financing setting post‐2020 conservation targets. By comparing “past” (1970s) distribution range 237 mammals, measuring proportion covered by PAs past present, we show that small number have now become last bastions hope ensuring persistence many mammal species. For 187 species (∼79% those analyzed) doubled over time period, 10% all having most their protected. This increase proportional protection largely due to retreat (outside existing PAs) and, smaller part, expansion. It clear adequately resourcing critical essential, avert worldwide rapid loss.

Language: Английский

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The aqueous alteration of CM chondrites, a review

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 299, P. 219 - 256

Published: Feb. 2, 2021

The CM chondrites are samples of primitive water-rich asteroids formed during the early solar system. They record significant interaction between liquid water and silicate rock, resulting in a mineralogy dominated by hydrated secondary phases. Their similarity to near-Earth Bennu Ryugu – targets current sample return space missions makes analysis essential interpretation these enigmatic bodies. Here, we review aqueous alteration history chondrite group. Initially, amorphous silicate, metal sulphides within matrix were converted into Fe-cronstedtite tochilinite. Later, serpentinization refractory coarse-grained inclusions led addition Mg fluid phase. This is reflected cation composition phases which evolved from Fe-rich Mg-rich. Although most meteorites classified as CM2 retain some unaltered anhydrous silicates, few completely altered CM1s exist (∼4.2% [Meteoritical Bulletin, 2021]). extent can be quantified through various techniques, all trace progression mineralization. Early attempts employed petrographic criteria assign subtypes notably Browning Rubin scales have been widely adopted. Alternatively, bulk techniques evaluate either measuring ratio phyllosilicate (this with X-ray diffraction [XRD] or infrared spectroscopy [IR]) combined H abundance/δD compositions. degree appears correlate petrofabric strength (most likely arising due shock deformation). indicates that may driven primarily impact rather than radiogenic heating. Alteration O-isotope compositions show complex relationship. Among higher initial contents correspond more advanced alteration. However, lighter-than-expected further analyses needed findings could suggest differences conditions isotopic latter scenario implies CM1 on separate asteroid chondrites. Secondary (primarily calcite) act proxies for demonstrate was prograde, an period at low temperatures (<70 °C), while later operated 100–250 °C. Estimates water-to-rock ratios (W/R) vary 0.2–0.7. based mass balance mineral stoichiometry calculations variability reflects uncertainties primordial protolith whether open closed Some (<36%) experienced episode post-hydration thermal metamorphism, enduring peak <900 °C dehydrated depleted volatile element abundances. Heating short-duration caused events. presence material embedded other meteorites, their prominence among micrometeorite flux link CMs rubble-pile C-type (e.g. Ryugu) parent body disrupted, leaving second-generation supply Earth.

Language: Английский

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Why Are Species’ Traits Weak Predictors of Range Shifts?

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 47 - 66

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

We examine the evidence linking species’ traits to contemporary range shifts and find they are poor predictors of that have occurred over decades a century. then discuss reasons for performance describing interspecific variation in from two perspectives: ( a) factors associated with degrade range-shift signals stemming measures used traits, typically not analyzed, influence phylogeny on potential b) issues quantifying relating them due imperfect detection species, differences responses altitudinal latitudinal ranges, emphasis testing linear relationships between instead nonlinear responses. Improving trait-based approaches requires recognition within individuals interact unexpected ways different combinations may be functionally equivalent.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the relationship between dispersal and range size

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 2303 - 2323

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Abstract The drivers of variability in species range sizes remain an outstanding enigma ecology. theoretical expectation a positive dispersal‐range size relationship has received mixed empirical support, despite dispersal being one the most prominent hypothesised predictors size. Here, we synthesised results from 86 studies examining for plants and animals marine, terrestrial freshwater realms. Overall, our meta‐analysis showed that positively affects size, but its effect is dependent on clade proxy studied. Moreover, potential differences habitat connectivity, did not find realm relationship. Finally, strength was latitude, metric taxonomic breadth study clade. Our synthesis emphasizes importance developing mechanistic understanding trait to relationship, considering complexity departure, transfer settlement, as well evolutionary components such time expansion, speciation past geological–environmental dynamics. We, therefore, call more integrative view process causal with

Language: Английский

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Artificial habitat structures for animal conservation: design and implementation, risks and opportunities

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 301 - 309

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Habitat loss and degradation, their interaction with other threats, are driving declines in animal populations worldwide. One potential approach for mitigating these threats is to create artificial habitat structures as substitutes lost or degraded natural structures. Here, we provide – the best of our knowledge first general definition synthesize important considerations effective use. We show that such represent a versatile conservation tool has been trialed variety contexts globally, albeit varying degrees success. The design must be well informed by drivers selection, use should part an experimental framework enable evaluation refinement. highlight possible ecological risks associated urge they not exploited inappropriate biodiversity offsets greenwashing. Looking forward, cross‐disciplinary collaborations will facilitate development sophisticated assist this era rapid global change.

Language: Английский

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Short-lived species move uphill faster under climate change

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 198(4), P. 877 - 888

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Climate change is pushing species ranges and abundances towards the poles mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as whole range, scarce. From conservation perspective, studying shifts in wildlife relevant because regions often represent biodiversity hotspots are among most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we examine whether birds' occurred Scandinavian mountains over 13 years, assess related to species' traits. Using abundance data, show clear pattern uphill shift mean altitude bird across mountains, with an average speed 0.9 m per year. Out 76 species, 7 shifted significantly their uphill. Altitudinal was strongly longevity: short-lived showed more pronounced than long-lived species. The observed suggest that not only driven by small number individuals range boundaries, but overall on move. Overall, results underscore wide-ranging impact climate potential vulnerability slow life histories, they appear less able timely respond rapidly changing climatic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Range-wide phylogeography of the golden jackals (Canis aureus) reveals multiple sources of recent spatial expansion and admixture with dogs at the expansion front

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 290, P. 110448 - 110448

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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