The emergent properties of the connected brain

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(6619), P. 505 - 510

Published: Nov. 3, 2022

There is more to brain connections than the mere transfer of signals between regions. Behavior and cognition emerge through cortical area interaction. This requires integration local distant areas orchestrated by densely connected networks. Brain determine brain's functional organization. The imaging in living has provided an opportunity identify driving factors behind neurobiology cognition. Connectivity differences species among humans have furthered understanding evolution diverging cognitive profiles. pathologies amplify this variability disconnections and, consequently, disintegration functions. prediction long-term symptoms now preferentially based on disconnections. paradigm shift will reshape our maps challenge current models.

Language: Английский

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Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1249 - 1255

Published: June 1, 2022

Abstract Drug addiction is a public health crisis for which new treatments are urgently needed. In rare cases, regional brain damage can lead to remission. These cases may be used identify therapeutic targets neuromodulation. We analyzed two cohorts of patients addicted smoking at the time focal (cohort 1 n = 67; cohort 2 62). Lesion locations were mapped atlas and network functionally connected each lesion location was computed using human connectome data ( 1,000). Associations with remission identified. Generalizability assessed an independent alcohol risk scores 186). Specificity through comparison 37 other neuropsychological variables. Lesions disrupting occurred in many different but characterized by specific pattern connectivity. This involved positive connectivity dorsal cingulate, lateral prefrontal cortex, insula negative medial temporal cortex. circuit reproducible across cohorts, associated reduced risk, metrics. Hubs that best matched profile paracingulate gyrus, left frontal operculum, fronto-polar conclude lesions map hubs this provide testable

Language: Английский

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Post-stroke outcomes predicted from multivariate lesion-behaviour and lesion network mapping

Brain, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 145(4), P. 1338 - 1353

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Abstract Clinicians and scientists alike have long sought to predict the course severity of chronic post-stroke cognitive motor outcomes, as ability do so would inform treatment rehabilitation strategies. However, it remains difficult make accurate predictions about outcomes due, in large part, high inter-individual variability recovery a reliance on clinical heuristics rather than empirical methods. The neuroanatomical location stroke is key variable associated with long-term because lesion can be derived from routinely collected neuroimaging data there an opportunity use this information empirically based deficits. For example, compared statistically weighted multivariate lesion-behaviour maps regions that, when damaged, are specific deficits aggregated outcome cohorts. Here, our goal was evaluate whether we leverage two cohorts individuals focal brain lesions 12-month independent sample patients. Further, evaluated could augment these by estimating structural functional networks disrupted association each map through network mapping, which normative connectivity neurologically healthy elucidate lesion-associated networks. We using anatomical strongest impairment for results. These peak regional findings became ‘seeds’ generate networks, approach that offers potentially greater precision previously used single-lesion approaches. Next, sample, quantified overlap mapping how much variance explain behavioural latent growth curve statistical model. found lesion-deficit modality able significant amount outcomes. Both were beyond mapping. Functional performed best prediction language deficits, Altogether, results support notion combined improve at 12-months.

Language: Английский

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Population-based tract-to-region connectome of the human brain and its hierarchical topology

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Abstract Connectome maps region-to-region connectivities but does not inform which white matter pathways form the connections. Here we constructed a population-based tract-to-region connectome to fill this information gap. The quantifies population probability of tract innervating cortical region. results show that ~85% entries are consistent across individuals, whereas remaining (~15%) have substantial individual differences requiring individualized mapping. Further hierarchical clustering on regions revealed dorsal, ventral, and limbic networks based connective patterns. bundles categorization fiber bundle systems in association pathways. This provides insights into topology between bundles. derived relation further offers gray structures.

Language: Английский

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Modulating microenvironments to enhance CO2 electroreduction performance

eScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 100119 - 100119

Published: March 17, 2023

Microenvironments of the catalytic center, which play a vital role in adjusting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) activity, have received increasing attention during past few years. However, controllable microenvironment construction and effects multi-microenvironment variations for improving ECO2RR performance remain unclear. Herein, we summarize representative strategies tuning catalyst local microenvironments to enhance selectivity activity. The multifactor synergetic regulation enhancing accessibility, stabilizing key intermediates, catalysts are discussed detail, as well perspectives on challenges when investigating microenvironments. We anticipate that discussions this review will inspire further research engineering accelerate development practical application.

Language: Английский

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Latent disconnectome prediction of long-term cognitive-behavioural symptoms in stroke

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146(5), P. 1963 - 1978

Published: March 16, 2023

Abstract Stroke significantly impacts the quality of life. However, long-term cognitive evolution in stroke is poorly predictable at individual level. There an urgent need to better predict symptoms based on acute clinical neuroimaging data. Previous works have demonstrated a strong relationship between location white matter disconnections and symptoms. rendering entire space possible disconnection-deficit associations optimally surveyable will allow for systematic association brain cognitive-behavioural measures Here we present most comprehensive framework, composite morphospace (disconnectome) neuropsychological scores 1 year after stroke. Linking latent disconnectome outcomes yields biological insights that are available as first atlas disconnectome-deficit relations across 86 scores—a Neuropsychological White Matter Atlas. Our novel predictive Disconnectome Symptoms Discoverer, achieved predictivity performances than six other models, including functional disconnection, lesion topology volume modelling. Out-of-sample prediction derived from this presented mean absolute error below 20% allowed personalize predictions. Prediction external cohort R2 = 0.201 semantic fluency. In addition, training testing were replicated two cohorts achieving 0.18 visuospatial performance. This framework interactive web application (http://disconnectomestudio.bcblab.com) provide foundations new practical approach modelling cognition We hope our help reduce burden deficits patients, their families wider society while also helping tailor future personalized treatment programmes discover targets treatments. expect framework’s range assessments power increase even further through crowdsourcing.

Language: Английский

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White matter variability, cognition, and disorders: a systematic review

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 227(2), P. 529 - 544

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

Abstract Inter-individual differences can inform treatment procedures and—if accounted for—have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. However, when studying brain anatomy, these inter-individual variations are commonly unaccounted for, despite reports of in gross anatomical features, cross-sectional, and connectional anatomy. Brain connections essential facilitate functional organization and, severed, cause impairments or complete loss function. Hence, study cerebral white matter may be an ideal compromise capture variability structure We reviewed wealth studies that associate cognitive functions clinical symptoms with individual tracts using diffusion tractography. Our systematic review indicates tractography has proven a sensitive method neurology, psychiatry, healthy populations identify its correlates. literature biased, as most studied not necessarily those highest sensitivity pathologies. Additionally, hemisphere tract is often unreported, thus neglecting laterality asymmetries. Finally, we demonstrate tracts, define them, correlated one, but multiple domains While our identified some methodological caveats, it also suggests tract–function correlations might still promising tool identifying biomarkers for precision medicine. They characterize organization, predicts resilience recovery patients.

Language: Английский

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The subcortical and neurochemical organization of the ventral and dorsal attention networks

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Attention is a core cognitive function that filters and selects behaviourally relevant information in the environment. The cortical mapping of attentional systems identified two segregated networks mediate stimulus-driven goal-driven processes, Ventral Dorsal Networks (VAN, DAN). Deep brain electrophysiological recordings, behavioral data from phylogenetic distant species, observations human pathologies challenge purely corticocentric models. Here, we used advanced methods functional alignment applied to resting-state connectivity analyses map subcortical architecture Networks. Our investigations revealed involvement pulvinar, superior colliculi, head caudate nuclei, cluster brainstem nuclei both networks. These are densely connected structural network hubs, as by diffusion-weighted imaging tractography. Their projections establish interrelations with acetylcholine nicotinic receptor well dopamine serotonin transporters, demonstrated spatial correlation analysis normative atlas neurotransmitter systems. This convergence functional, structural, neurochemical evidence provides comprehensive framework understand neural basis attention across different species diseases.

Language: Английский

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Subcortical-cortical dynamical states of the human brain and their breakdown in stroke

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

The mechanisms controlling dynamical patterns in spontaneous brain activity are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that cortical dynamics the ultra-slow frequency range (<0.01-0.1 Hz) requires intact cortical-subcortical communication. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at rest, identify Dynamic Functional States (DFSs), transient but recurrent clusters of and subcortical regions synchronizing frequencies. We observe shifts temporally coincident with clusters, flexibly either limbic (hippocampus/amygdala), or nuclei (thalamus/basal ganglia). Focal lesions induced by stroke, especially those damaging white matter connections between basal ganglia/thalamus cortex, provoke anomalies fraction times, dwell transitions DFSs, causing a bias toward abnormal network integration. Dynamical observed 2 weeks after stroke recover time contribute to explaining neurological impairment long-term outcome.

Language: Английский

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Recovery of neural dynamics criticality in personalized whole-brain models of stroke

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 27, 2022

Abstract The critical brain hypothesis states that biological neuronal networks, because of their structural and functional architecture, work near phase transitions for optimal response to internal external inputs. Criticality thus provides function behavioral capabilities. We test this by examining the influence injury (strokes) on criticality neural dynamics estimated at level single participants using directly measured individual connectomes whole-brain models. Lesions engender a sub-critical state recovers over time in parallel with behavior. improvement is associated re-modeling specific white-matter connections. show personalized dynamical models poised track dynamics, alteration post-stroke, behavior participants.

Language: Английский

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