Handbook of Religion and Health

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract The 2001 (first) edition of this Handbook was a comprehensive review history, research, and discussions on religion health through the year 2000. Appendix listed 1,200 separate quantitative studies each rated in quality 0–10 scale, followed by about 2,000 references an extensive index for rapid topic identification. 2012 (second) systematically updated research from 2000 to 2010, with number then reaching thousands. This 2023 (third) is most scientifically rigorous date, covering best published 2021 emphasis prospective randomized controlled trials. Beginning Foreword Dr. Howard K. Koh, former US Assistant Secretary Health Department Human Services, nearly 600,000-word volume examines almost every aspect health, reviewing past more recent relationship between outcomes. Furthermore, all its 34 chapters conclude clinical community applications, making text relevant both healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation therapists, counselors, psychologists, sociologists, etc.) clergy (community clergy, chaplains, pastoral etc.). book’s focuses studies, describing study single line, allowing researchers quickly locate existing research. It should not be surprising that two decades has been cited health.

Language: Английский

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The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 400(10359), P. 1224 - 1280

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries

BMJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. n1137 - n1137

Published: May 19, 2021

Abstract Objective To estimate the direct and indirect effects of covid-19 pandemic on mortality in 2020 29 high income countries with reliable complete age sex disaggregated data. Design Time series study countries. Setting Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England Wales, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States. Participants Mortality data from Short-term Fluctuations Human Database for 2016-20, harmonised by sex. Interventions Covid-19 associated policy measures. Main outcome measures Weekly excess deaths (observed versus expected predicted model) 2020, (0-14, 15-64, 65-74, 75-84, ≥85 years), estimated using an over-dispersed Poisson regression model that accounts temporal trends seasonal variability mortality. Results An 979 000 (95% confidence interval 954 to 1 001 000) occurred analysed. All had except Denmark. The five highest absolute number were US (458 000, 454 461 000), Italy (89 100, 87 500 90 700), Wales (85 400, 83 900 86 800), Spain (84 82 800 85 300), Poland (60 58 61 300). Zealand lower overall than (−2500, −2900 −2100). In many countries, substantially exceeded reported covid-19. death rates (per 100 men Lithuania (285, 259 311), (191, 184 197), (179, 174 184), Hungary (174, 161 188), (168, 163 173); women (210, 185 234), (180, 175 185), (169, 156 182), Slovenia (158, 132 Belgium (151, 141 162). Little evidence was found subsequent compensatory reductions following Conclusion Approximately one million these Age standardised higher almost all Excess indicating determining full impact requires assessment deaths. Many children <15 years. Sex inequality widened further most 2020.

Language: Английский

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Dexamethasone modulates immature neutrophils and interferon programming in severe COVID-19

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 201 - 211

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Abstract Although critical for host defense, innate immune cells are also pathologic drivers of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Innate dynamics during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ARDS, compared to ARDS from other pathogens, is unclear. Moreover, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects dexamethasone severe COVID-19 remain elusive. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and plasma proteomics, we discovered that, bacterial was associated with expansion distinct neutrophil states characterized by interferon (IFN) prostaglandin signaling. Dexamethasone affected circulating neutrophils, altered IFN active downregulated interferon-stimulated genes activated IL-1R2 + neutrophils. expanded immunosuppressive immature neutrophils remodeled cellular interactions changing information receivers into providers. Male patients had higher proportions preferential steroid-induced expansion, potentially affecting outcomes. Our atlas (see ‘Data availability’ section) defines COVID-19-enriched molecular action develop targeted immunotherapies COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Male gender is a predictor of higher mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. e0254066 - e0254066

Published: July 9, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a global threat, with tremendous resources invested into identifying risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness. objective of this study was analyze the characteristics and outcomes male compared female adults who required hospitalization within US academic centers.Using Vizient clinical database, discharge records diagnosis between March 1, 2020 November 30, were reviewed. Outcome measures included demographics, characteristics, length hospital stay, rate respiratory intubation mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality vs according age, race/ethnicity, presence preexisting comorbidities.Among COVID-19, 161,206 while 146,804 female. Adult males more likely have hypertension (62.1% 59.6%, p <0.001%), diabetes (39.2% 36.0%, renal failure (22.3% 18.1%, congestive heart (15.3% 14.6%, liver (5.9% 4.5%, <0.001%). females obese (32.3% 25.7%, p<0.001) chronic pulmonary (23.7% <0.001). Gender significantly different among races (p<0.001), there lower proportion versus in African American patients COVID-19. Comparison vs. is depicted Table 2. Compared females, had higher (13.8% 10.2%, respectively, <0.001); (21.4% longer stay (9.5 ± 12.5 days 7.8 9.8 days, p<0.001). In-hospital analyzed age groups, payers, comorbidities consistently showed death (Table 2). associated odds their counterparts across all effect being most pronounced 18-30 group (OR, 3.02 [95% CI, 2.41-3.78]).This large analysis 308,010 hospitalized at centers that even when comorbidity.

Language: Английский

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Initial observations on age, gender, BMI and hypertension in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 100928 - 100928

Published: June 1, 2021

Literature data suggests that age, gender and body mass index (BMI) could be associated with difference in immune responses to vaccines. The first goal of the study was analyze antibody titre seven days after second dose BNT162b2 vaccine a group 248 healthcare workers (HCWs). how changes correlation gender, BMI hypertension.An immunogenicity evaluation carried out among HCWs vaccinated at Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy. All were asked by Italian national campaign beginning 2021. 260 enrolled study. eligible participants assigned receive priming two weeks' time booster exactly 21 thereafter. Blood nasopharyngeal swabs collected baseline 7 vaccine. Quantitative measurements IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens SARS-CoV-2 performed commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay. Presence SARS-Cov-2 swab determined RT-PCR testing.248 HWCs analyzed, 158 women (63.7%) 90 men (36.3%). After vaccine, 99.5% developed humoral response. geometric mean concentration subjects (285.9 AU/mL 95% CI: 249.5-327.7) higher than human convalescent sera (39.4 AU/mL, 33.1-46.9), p<0.0001. Multivariate linear regression analysis multivariate inclusion covariates. This demonstrated age (p<0.0001) (p = 0.038) are statistically differences response vaccination, whereas hypertension have no significant association 0.078 p 0.52 respectively).99.5% HCW female young seem an increased capacity mount responses. not vaccine.None.

Language: Английский

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Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias disease severity is hypothesized to be mediated by sex differential immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis based on data from other viral infections, including influenza viruses, HIV, hepatitis others that have demonstrated infections. Although males are more susceptible most females possess immunological features render them vulnerable distinct immune-related outcomes. Both chromosome complement related genes as well steroids play important roles mediating the development

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Treatment

CNS Drugs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 681 - 702

Published: June 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Association of Circulating Sex Hormones With Inflammation and Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. e2111398 - e2111398

Published: May 25, 2021

Importance

Male sex is a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 illness. It not known whether hormones contribute to this predisposition.

Objective

To investigate the association of concentrations serum testosterone, estradiol, and insulinlike growth 1 (IGF-1, which are regulated by hormone signaling) with severity.

Design, Setting, Participants

This prospective cohort study was conducted using samples collected from consecutive patients who presented March through May 2020 Barnes Jewish Hospital in St Louis, Missouri, (diagnosed nasopharyngeal swabs).

Exposures

Testosterone, IGF-1 were measured at time presentation (ie, day 0) days 3, 7, 14, 28 after admission (if patient remained hospitalized).

Main Outcomes Measures

Baseline compared among had vs those milder RNA sequencing performed on circulating mononuclear cells understand mechanistic altered cellular signaling pathways.

Results

Among 152 (90 [59.2%] men; 62 [40.8%] women; mean [SD] age, 63 [16] years), 143 (94.1%) hospitalized. 66 men COVID-19, median [interquartile range] testosterone lower 0 (53 [18 114] ng/dL 151 [95 217] ng/dL;P = .01) 3 (19 [6 68] 111 [49 274] .006) 24 disease. Testosterone inversely associated interleukin 6 (β −0.43; 95% CI, −0.52 −0.17;P < .001), C-reactive protein −0.38; −0.78 −0.16;P .004), receptor antagonist −0.29; −0.64 −0.06;P .02), hepatocyte −0.46; −0.69 −0.25;P interferon γ–inducible 10 −0.32; −0.62 −0.10;P .007). Estradiol severity men. similar women without COVID-19. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulated pathways CD14⁺CD16⁻(ie, classical) monocytes CD14⁻CD16⁺(ie, nonclassical) male needed intensive care unit treatment did not.

Conclusions Relevance

In single-center during hospitalization increased disease inflammation Hormone parallel concentrations, further investigation required their pathophysiologic

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in Fear and Risk Perception During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led many people to suffer from emotional distress. Previous studies suggest that women process and express affective experiences, such as fear, with a greater intensity compared men. We administered an online survey sample of participants in the United States measures fear COVID-19, perceptions about health financial risks, preventative taken. Despite empirical fact men are more likely experience adverse consequences report negative expectations health-related than However, optimistic regarding pandemic. Women also experiences generally during pandemic, particularly situations where other or government take actions make matters worse. Though taking response gender differences behavior reduced after controlling for fear. These results shed light on how may inform policy interventions.

Language: Английский

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