Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 473 - 509

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional hydrogels electronic devices. First, with different components are discussed, including pure single network based on polymers, additional additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets), double additives. Second, a variety of functionalities, self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory external stimulus responsiveness introduced detail. Third, applications flexible illustrated strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, robot). Next, current challenges facing summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims drive further development future.

Language: Английский

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Self-Healing Hydrogels: Preparation, Mechanism and Advancement in Biomedical Applications

Polymers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 3782 - 3782

Published: Oct. 31, 2021

Polymeric hydrogels are widely explored materials for biomedical applications. However, they have inherent limitations like poor resistance to stimuli and low mechanical strength. This drawback of gave rise ‘‘smart self-healing hydrogels’’ which autonomously repair themselves when ruptured or traumatized. It is superior in terms durability stability due its capacity reform shape, injectability, stretchability thereby regaining back the original property. review focuses on various mechanisms (covalent non-covalent interactions) these hydrogels, methods used evaluate their properties, applications wound healing, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, tissue engineering systems. Furthermore, composite enhance hydrogel’s properties. Hence, findings research with briefly discussed order emphasize healing such hydrogels. Additionally, properties recent advancements towards 3D bioprinting also reviewed. The concluded by proposing several pertinent challenges encountered at present as well some prominent future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Tailoring the Salt Transport Flux of Solar Evaporators for a Highly Effective Salt-Resistant Desalination with High Productivity

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 2511 - 2520

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Developing highly effective salt-resistant solar evaporators for a long-term desalination with high evaporation rate and water production remains great challenge. Herein, we fabricated three-dimensional printed hierarchical porous reduced graphene oxide/carbon black (3DP-HP rGO/CB) evaporator constructed thin layer of photothermal interface grid transport channel possessing large-sized microstructure. The 3DP-HP rGO/CB demonstrates tailored high-salt flux up to 4.3 kg·m-2·h-1, which displays performance at 10.5 kg·m-2·h-1 during 10 wt % NaCl brine under 8 kW·m-2 illumination. Experiments theoretical calculations prove that the large microstructure abundant low-resistance salt ion channels endows flux, therefore boosting resistance compared traditional evaporators. A d experiment shows high-rate stable production. Furthermore, can purify an ultrafast 5.6 L·m-2·h-1 natural sunlight. This work potential practical implementation productivity.

Language: Английский

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Photocurable 3D Printing of High Toughness and Self‐Healing Hydrogels for Customized Wearable Flexible Sensors

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(52)

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Abstract Currently, most customized hydrogels can only be processed via extrusion‐based 3D printing techniques, which is limited by efficiency and resolution. Here, a simple strategy for the rapid fabrication of using photocurable technique presented. This has been rarely used because presence water increases molecular distance between polymer chains reduces monomer polymerization rate, resulting in failure solid‐liquid separation during printing. Although adding cross‐linkers to inks effectively accelerate cross‐linked network formation, chemical cross‐linking may result reduced toughness self‐healing ability hydrogel. Therefore, an interpenetrated‐network hydrogel based on non‐covalent interactions designed form physical cross‐links, affording fast separation. Poly(acrylic acid (AA)‐ N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP)) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are Zn 2+ ‐ligand coordination hydrogen bonding; mixed AA‐NVP/CMC solution as ink. The printed poly(AA‐NVP/CMC) exhibited high tensile (3.38 MJ m −3 ) superior (healed stress: 81%; healed strain: 91%). Some objects like manipulator successfully with complex structures. high‐performance great potential application flexible wearable sensors.

Language: Английский

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3D Printing of Hydrogels for Stretchable Ionotronic Devices

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(52)

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

Abstract In the booming development of flexible electronics represented by electronic skins, soft robots, and human–machine interfaces, 3D printing hydrogels, an approach used biofabrication community, is drawing attention from researchers working on hydrogel‐based stretchable ionotronic devices. Such devices can greatly benefit excellent patterning capability in three dimensions, as well free design complexity easy upscale potential. Compared to advanced stage bioprinting, hydrogel its infancy due difficulty balancing printability, ionic conductivity, shape fidelity, stretchability, other functionalities. this review, a guideline provided how utilize power building high‐performance mainly materials’ point view, highlighting systematic quality, performance printed Various methods for hydrogels are introduced, then ink principles, functions, such elastic self‐healing ability, device (e.g., sensors, shape‐morphing actuators, electroluminescent devices, electrochemical biosensors) performances discussed. conclusion, perspectives future directions exciting field presented.

Language: Английский

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Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Tough Supramolecular Hydrogels with Sophisticated Architectures as Impact‐Absorption Elements

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(34)

Published: June 27, 2022

Processing tough hydrogels into sophisticated architectures is crucial for their applications as structural elements. However, Digital Light (DLP) printing of challenging because the low-speed gelation and toughening process. Described here a simple yet versatile system suitable DLP to form hydrogel architectures. The aqueous precursor consists commercial photoinitiator, acrylic acid, zirconium ion (Zr4+ ), readily forming metallo-supramolecular under digital light in situ formation carboxyl-Zr4+ coordination complexes. high-stiffness antiswelling properties as-printed gel enable high-efficiency high-fidelity constructs. Furthermore, swelling-induced morphing also achieved by encoding structure gradients during with grayscale light. Mechanical printed are further improved after incubation water due variation local pH rearrangement complex. swelling-enhanced stiffness affords shape fixation ability manual deformations, thereby provides an additional avenue more complex configurations. These used devise impact-absorption element or high-sensitivity pressure sensor proof-of-concept examples. This work should merit engineering other gels extend scope diverse fields.

Language: Английский

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Self‐Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(21)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Abstract Hydrogels have emerged as powerful building blocks to develop various soft bioelectronics because of their tissue‐like mechanical properties, superior bio‐compatibility, the ability conduct both electrons and ions, multiple stimuli‐responsiveness. However, hydrogels are vulnerable damage, which limits usage in developing durable hydrogel‐based bioelectronics. Self‐healing aim endow with property repairing specific functions after failure, thus improving durability, reliability, longevity. This review discusses recent advances self‐healing hydrogels, from mechanisms, material chemistry, strategies for properties improvement hydrogel materials, design, fabrication, applications bioelectronics, including wearable physical biochemical sensors, supercapacitors, flexible display devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), implantable etc. Furthermore, persisting challenges hampering development prospects proposed. is expected expedite research

Language: Английский

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Polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels for three-dimensional printing fabrication of wearable sensors

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 10, 2023

While hydrogels enable a variety of applications in wearable sensors and electronic skins, they are susceptible to fatigue fracture during cyclic deformations owing their inefficient resistance. Herein, acrylated β-cyclodextrin with bile acid is self-assembled into polymerizable pseudorotaxane via precise host-guest recognition, which photopolymerized acrylamide obtain conductive rotaxane (PR-Gel). The topological networks PR-Gel all desirable properties this system due the large conformational freedom mobile junctions, including excellent stretchability along superior based strain sensor can sensitively detect distinguish body motions subtle muscle movements. three-dimensional printing fabricated exhibit high resolution altitude complexity, real-time human electrocardiogram signals detected repeating stability. self-heal air, has highly repeatable adhesion skin, demonstrating its great potential sensors.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Neuron Devices

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(23), P. 13796 - 13865

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Efforts to design devices emulating complex cognitive abilities and response processes of biological systems have long been a coveted goal. Recent advancements in flexible electronics, mirroring human tissue's mechanical properties, hold significant promise. Artificial neuron devices, hinging on artificial synapses, bioinspired sensors, actuators, are meticulously engineered mimic the systems. However, this field is its infancy, requiring substantial groundwork achieve autonomous with intelligent feedback, adaptability, tangible problem-solving capabilities. This review provides comprehensive overview recent devices. It starts fundamental principles synaptic explores sensory systems, integrating synapses sensors replicate all five senses. A systematic presentation nervous follows, designed emulate system functions. The also discusses potential applications outlines existing challenges, offering insights into future prospects. We aim for illuminate burgeoning inspiring further innovation captivating area research.

Language: Английский

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Self-Healing Hydrogels: From Synthesis to Multiple Applications

ACS Materials Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 1787 - 1830

Published: May 26, 2023

Due to the good reliability and long-term stability, self-healing hydrogels have emerged as promising soft materials for tissue engineering, smart wearable sensors, bioelectronics, energy storage devices. The mechanism depends on reversible chemical or physical cross-linking interactions. Self-healing with fascinating features (including mechanical performances, biocompatibility, conductivity, antibacterial ability, responsiveness, etc.) are being designed developed according practical application requirements. In this review, recent progress in their synthesis strategies multiple applications is summarized. Their involve processes a combination of two. include flexible strain supercapacitors, actuators, adhesives, wound healing, drug delivery, tumor treatment, 3D printing, etc. Finally, current challenges, future development, opportunities discussed.

Language: Английский

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