The social transmission of empathy relies on observational reinforcement learning

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(9)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Theories of moral development propose that empathy is transmitted across individuals. However, the mechanisms through which socially remain unclear. Here, we combine computational learning models and functional MRI to investigate whether, if so, how empathic non-empathic responses observed in others affect female observers. The results three independent studies showed watching or generates a signal respectively increases decreases ratings observer. A fourth study revealed learning-related transmission stronger when observing human rather than computer demonstrators. Finally, show social alters empathy-related anterior insula, i.e., same region correlated with baseline ratings, as well its connectivity temporoparietal junction. Together, our findings provide neural mechanism for accounts changes individual environments.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal variation in resilient psychosocial functioning is associated with ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Abstract Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation association cortices. Here, we investigated whether longitudinal variation in adolescents’ resilience psychosocial stressors during this vulnerable associated with ongoing myeloarchitectural maturation functional networks. We used repeated myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) resting-state neuroimaging ( n = 141), captured adversity exposure adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, socio-economic status at two timepoints, one years apart. Development toward more resilient functioning was increasing myelination anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which showed stabilized connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles cortex-wide synchronization maturation, further observed wide-spread reconfiguration cortices paralleled attenuated reorganization increasingly outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible considerable intra-individual change multi-modal cortical refinement processes local system-level.

Language: Английский

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The moderating role of social media motives in the relationship between screen usage and cybervictimization

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 107239 - 107239

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neural underpinnings underlying the influence of peer competition on risk-taking behavior among adolescent girls: an event-related potentials (ERPs) study

Current Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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The effects of digital peer support interventions on physical and mental health: a review and meta-analysis

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Aims Digital peer support interventions have the potential to promote healthy lifestyles and better mental health. This systematic review meta-analysis synthesizes evidence on effectiveness of digital for enhancing physical health in individuals rather than those diagnosed with a clinical condition. Methods First, we evaluated impact outcomes by attending sources (informal, naturally occurring support; formal from trained peers), demonstrated through different study designs (pre–post comparison vs. well-controlled experimental conditions) long-term effects interventions. Second, examined whether features – specifically, dosage, uptake platform affordances moderated intervention effectiveness. Third, considered moderating individual differences (age existing country. Results Using random-effects modelling, which included 47 studies 76 effect sizes health, 73 118 found moderate improving (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.35, p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.30–0.41) large difference(SMD) 0.53, 0.46–0.61), were similar across ages varying degree conditions. Different but informal, was more effective bolstering peers, producing that comparable online professional support. Positive sustained over follow-up assessments, weakened time. Greater dosages had decreased effectiveness, did not Interventions delivered platforms afford greater interactivity (apps, social networking sites video conferencing) lower (forums, websites emails). stronger Western countries Eastern countries, countries. Conclusions Our findings contribute nascent conceptual models support, lend credence as scalable preventive real-world benefits individuals’ provide important insights into best practices.

Language: Английский

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Self-reported childhood family adversity is linked to an attenuated gain of trust during adolescence

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

A longstanding proposal in developmental research is that childhood family experiences provide a template shapes capacity for trust-based social relationships. We leveraged longitudinal data from cohort of healthy adolescents (n = 570, aged 14-25), which included decision-making and psychometric data, to characterise normative trajectories trust behaviour inter-individual differences therein. Extending on previous cross-sectional findings the same cohort, we show task-based measure increases longitudinally adolescence into young adulthood. Computational modelling suggests this due decrease risk aversion. Self-reported adversity attenuates gain behaviour, within our computational model, relates higher 'irritability' parameter those reporting greater adversity. Unconditional at measurement time point T1 predicts trajectory self-reported peer relation quality, particularly so with adversity, consistent acting as resilience factor.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal trajectories of resilient psychosocial functioning link to ongoing cortical myelination and functional reorganization during adolescence

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Adolescence is a period of dynamic brain remodeling and susceptibility to psychiatric risk factors, mediated by the protracted consolidation association cortices. Here, we investigated whether intra-individual trajectories psychosocial functioning relative environmental stressor exposure - including adverse life events, dysfunctional family settings, socio-economic status are tied myeloarchitectural maturation down-stream effects on intrinsic function. To this end, employed longitudinal myelin-sensitive Magnetic Transfer (MT) resting-state imaging in NSPN cohort (aged 14-26y). Developing towards more resilient was linked increasing myelination anterolateral prefrontal cortex, which exhibited stabilized functional connectivity. Studying depth-specific intracortical MT profiles cortex-wide synchronization maturation, further observed wide-spread re-configuration cortices paralleled attenuated reorganization with increasingly outcomes. Together, resilient/susceptible showed considerable change reflected multi-modal cortical refinement processes at local system-level.

Language: Английский

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An integrative framework of conflict and control

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 757 - 768

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Social conformity updates the neural representation of facial attractiveness

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

People readily change their behavior to comply with others. However, which extent they will internalize the social influence remains elusive. In this preregistered electroencephalogram (EEG) study, we investigated how learning from one's in-group or out-group members about facial attractiveness would explicit ratings and spontaneous neural representations of attractiveness. Specifically, quantified representational similarities learned faces prototypical attractive during a face perception task without overt intentional evaluation. We found that participants changed both influences. Moreover, conformity updated representation attractiveness, an effect particularly evident when among those who perceived tighter norms. These findings offer insights into group affiliations individual differences in norms modulate internalization influence. Upon others' opinions on participants' behavioral accordingly.

Language: Английский

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Neural correlates associated with conformity in adolescent and young adult men

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101215 - 101215

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Social influence affects us throughout our lives, shaping attitudes, behaviors, and preferences. Thus, the current study aimed to examine whether key age groups (adolescence versus young adulthood) were associated with differences in neural correlates processing social feedback conformity (i.e., conflict detection, positive valuation, mentalizing) among men. We recruited 153 participants across 5 studies, who completed a task during an fMRI scan. Overall, more likely conform by changing their ratings when misaligned others, adolescents (compared aligned) others compared adults. Further, we found that showed increased activity mentalizing (TPJ, dmPFC) valuation regions (VS, vmPFC), adults, response misalignment others. In contrast, adults detection (AI, dACC) exposed they conforming feedback. results offer initial evidence adolescent adult men engage different processes find out are recommendations of this difference appears track brain responses value regions. Raw data analysis codes available upon request.

Language: Английский

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