AoMedA has a complex regulatory relationship with AoBrlA, AoAbaA, and AoWetA in conidiation, trap formation, and secondary metabolism in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

The asexual sporulation of filamentous fungi is an important mechanism for their reproduction, survival, and pathogenicity. In Aspergillus several fungi, BrlA, AbaA, WetA are the key elements a central regulatory pathway controlling conidiation, MedA developmental modifier that regulates temporal expression genes; however, roles largely unknown in nematode-trapping (NT) fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora representative NT fungus, which can capture nematodes by producing adhesive networks (traps). Here, we characterized function AoMedA three regulators (AoBrlA, AoAbaA, AoWetA) A. gene disruption, phenotypic comparison, multi-omics analyses, as these required conidiation play divergent mycelial development, trap formation, lipid droplet accumulation, vacuole assembly, secondary metabolism. A combined analysis traits transcriptome showed AoWetA involved regulation peroxisome, endocytosis, autophagy. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid AoBrlA regulate AoMedA, AoWetA, whereas AoAbaA AoWetA. Our results highlight AoBrlA, mycelia pathogenicity provide basis elucidating relationship between formation IMPORTANCE Conidiation most common reproductive mode many plays essential role fungal pathogens. Nematode-trapping special group owing to innate abilities digest traps (trapping devices). Sporulation growth reproduction conidia basic components biocontrol reagents diseases caused plant-parasitic nematodes. well-known fungus routinely used model probing interaction this study, functions four (AoMedA, were oligospora. complex was noted; pleiotropic multiple intracellular activities. study first revealed oligospora, contributed helped developing effective

Language: Английский

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Peroxin Pex14/17 Is Required for Trap Formation, and Plays Pleiotropic Roles in Mycelial Development, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora

mSphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

The peroxins encoded by PEX genes involved in peroxisome biogenesis play a crucial role cellular metabolism and pathogenicity fungi. Herein, we characterized filamentous fungus-specific peroxin Pex14/17 the Arthrobotrys oligospora, representative species of nematode-trapping deletion AoPEX14/17 resulted remarkable reduction mycelial growth, conidia yield, trap formation, pathogenicity. Compared with wild-type strain, ΔAopex14/17 mutant exhibited more lipid droplet reactive oxygen accumulation accompanied significant decrease fatty acid utilization tolerance to oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that was regulation metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental processes. In subcellular morphology, number cell nuclei, autophagosomes, Woronin bodies. Metabolic profile showed AoPex14/17 affects biosynthesis secondary metabolites. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed interacted AoPex14 but not AoPex13. Taken together, our results suggest is main factor for modulating development, A. oligospora. IMPORTANCE Peroxisome (PEX) an important pathogenic However, roles remain largely unknown (NT) Here, provide direct evidence regulates conidiation, autophagy, endocytosis, catalase activity, stress response oxidants, production. Transcriptome metabolic suggested multiple processes metabolism. Therefore, study extends functions genes, which helps elucidate mechanism organelle development formation NT fungi lays foundation efficient nematode biocontrol agents.

Language: Английский

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Tools and basic procedures of gene manipulation in nematode-trapping fungi

Mycology&#58 An International Journal on Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 75 - 90

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are the majority of carnivorous microbes to capture nematodes through diverse and sophisticated trapping organs derived from hyphae. They can adopt lifestyles in addition saprophytism obtain extra-nutrition nematodes. As a special group fungi, NTF not only excellent model organism for studying lifestyle transition but also natural resources exploring biological control However, mechanism remains poorly understood. Nowadays, omics studies have provided numerous genes pathways that associated with phenotypes traits, which need molecular tools verify. Here, we review development progress gene manipulation NTF, including methodology strategy transformation, random mutagenesis methods target methods. The principle practical approach each method was summarized discussed, basic operational flow tool described. This paper offers clear reference instruction researchers who work on as well other fungi.

Language: Английский

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Complexity of fungal polyketide biosynthesis and function

Molecular Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 121(1), P. 18 - 25

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Where does one draw the line between primary and secondary metabolism? The answer depends on perspective. Microbial metabolites (SMs) were at first believed not to be very important for producers because they are dispensable growth under laboratory conditions. However, such compounds become in natural niches of organisms, some prime importance humanity. Polyketides an group SMs with aflatoxin as a well‐known well‐characterized example. In Aspergillus spp., all 34 afl genes encoding enzymes biosynthesis located close vicinity chromosome III so‐called gene cluster. This led assumption that most required polyketide organized clusters. Recent research, however, revealed enormous complexity different polyketides, ranging from individual synthases cluster producing several compounds, or clusters additional scattered genome production compound. Research last decade furthermore huge potential SM hidden fungal genomes, methods developed wake up sleeping genes. analysis organismic interactions starts reveal ecological functions polyketides fungi.

Language: Английский

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The Arf-GAPs, AoAge1 and AoAge2, regulate diverse cellular processes, conidiation, trap formation, and secondary metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 127779 - 127779

Published: May 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Aolatg1 and Aolatg13 Regulate Autophagy and Play Different Roles in Conidiation, Trap Formation, and Pathogenicity in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Autophagy is a conserved cellular recycling and trafficking pathway in eukaryotes that plays an important role cell growth, development, pathogenicity. Atg1 Atg13 form the Atg1–Atg13 complex, which essential for autophagy yeast. Here, we characterized roles of Aolatg1 Aolatg13 genes encoding these autophagy-related proteins nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora . Investigation process by using AoAtg8-GFP fusion protein showed autophagosomes accumulated inside vacuoles wild-type (WT) A. strain, whereas two mutant strains with deletions or , GFP signals were observed outside vacuoles. Similar results transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, deletion caused severe defects mycelial conidiation, conidial germination, trap formation, nematode predation. In addition, transcripts several sporulation-related significantly downregulated Δ mutant. contrast, except altered resistance to chemical stressors, no obvious differences phenotypic traits between WT strains. The gene ontology analysis transcription profiles set differentially expressed was highly enriched relevant membrane components. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes indicated those related metabolic pathways, processes, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis SNARE interaction vesicular transport, during formation. These indicate play crucial also involved regulation asexual Our highlight importance growth development provide basis elucidating formation pathogenicity fungi.

Language: Английский

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2-Furoic acid associated with the infection of nematodes by Dactylellina haptotyla and its biocontrol potential on plant root-knot nematodes

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5)

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Dactylellina haptotyla is a typical nematode-trapping fungus that has garnered the attention of many scholars for its highly effective lethal potential nematodes. Secondary metabolites play an important role in D. haptotyla-nematode interactions, but which perform function remains unclear. We report metabolic functions based on high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly wild YMF1.03409. The results indicate large variety secondary and their biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated during stage. In parallel, we identified 2-furoic acid was specifically produced nematode trapping by YMF1.03409 isolated it from fermentation production. 2-Furoic demonstrated strong nematicidal activity with LD50 value 55.05 µg/mL against Meloidogyne incognita at 48 h. Furthermore, pot experiment showed number galls tomato root reduced experimental group treated acid. considerable increase content infection process virulent revealed essential synergistic effect fungal infection. IMPORTANCE have significant application biocontrol. this study, determined sequence long-read sequencing technology. Comparative genomic analysis series pathogenesis-related gene family contraction events evolution Combining transcriptomic metabolomic data as well vitro test results, compound biocontrol, acid, identified. Our result expanded genetic resource previously unreported small molecule, provides new options development plant biocontrol agents.

Language: Английский

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Cell-end marker proteins are required for hyphal ring formation and size determination of traps in Arthrobotrys flagrans

Journal of Cell Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 138(8)

Published: April 15, 2025

ABSTRACT Filamentous fungi grow by apical extension where secretory vesicles are transported long distances microtubules and actin prior to fusion with the cell membrane. Apical, membrane-bound cell-end marker proteins (CEMPs) organise cytoskeletons thereby growth machinery. CEMPs have been characterised mainly in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Aspergillus nidulans. Here, we studied role of nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans. This predatory forms ring-shaped adhesive traps capture nematodes, such as Caenorhabditis elegans. Traps morphologically physiologically different from vegetative hyphae generated hyphal turning trap tip basal hypha. The absence membrane-anchored CEMP receptor protein, TeaR, caused a reduction ring size, whereas deletion teaA or teaC largely prevented formation hyphae, most appeared sticks. Hence, compared nidulans, loss function results severe morphological phenotype. mutant strains also show changes cell-to-cell communication fusion, suggesting novel functions interconnections other signalling processes cell.

Language: Английский

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The MADS-box transcription factor AoRlmA is involved in the regulation of mycelium development, conidiation, cell-wall integrity, stress response, and trap formation of Arthrobotrys oligospora

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 127299 - 127299

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Characterizing the Role of AosfgA and AofluG in Mycelial and Conidial Development in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 615 - 615

Published: March 19, 2024

Arthrobotrys oligospora, a widespread nematode-trapping fungus which can produce conidia for asexual reproduction and form trapping devices (traps) to catch nematodes. However, little is known about the sporulation mechanism of A. oligospora. This research characterized functions regulatory roles upstream spore-producing genes, AosfgA AofluG, in Our analysis showed that AofluG interacted with each other. Meanwhile, gene was downregulated ΔAosfgA mutant strain, indicating positively regulates AofluG. Loss genes led shorter hyphae more septa, strain responded heat chemical stresses. Surprisingly, number nuclei increased mycelia but reduced ΔAofluG mutants. In addition, after nematode induction, volume vacuoles were remarkably strains. The abundance metabolites markedly decreased Collectively, play critical mycelial development, they are also involved vacuole assembly, stress response, secondary metabolism. study provides distinct insights into fungi.

Language: Английский

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