Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 5211 - 5295

Published: March 9, 2023

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and improve quality of life in the era digitalization big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible are developed overcome limitations conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement bench-side research over last decade, market adoption remains limited. To ease expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering maturation propose promising solutions. We first analyze achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications then summarize issues compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions powering connecting sensor networks. Issues en route commercialization sustainable growth sector also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns emphasizing nontechnical such as business, regulatory, ethical considerations. Additionally, look at future intelligent sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, hope steer efforts towards common goals guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner capitalized betterment humanity.

Language: Английский

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Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(16), P. 9982 - 10078

Published: Aug. 5, 2023

Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility softness electronic devices through materials science structural modifications that enable stable comfortable of these curvilinear soft body. However, optical properties are still early stages consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual from interfacing biological systems can be preserved utilized comprehensive diagnosis image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance wear device on exposed skin. This review discusses recent advancement transparent a way includes materials, processing, devices, applications. Materials discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, engineering strategies property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques Building blocks systems, including sensors, energy actuators, displays, mechanisms performances. Lastly, we summarize potential applications conclude remaining challenges prospects.

Language: Английский

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3D-printed PEDOT:PSS for soft robotics

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 604 - 622

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review

Materials Horizons, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 2800 - 2823

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Hydrogels have been attracting increasing attention for application in wearable electronics, due to their intrinsic biomimetic features, highly tunable chemical-physical properties (mechanical, electrical, etc.), and excellent biocompatibility. Among many proposed varieties of hydrogels, conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CPHs) emerged as a promising candidate future sensor designs, with capability realizing desired features using different tuning strategies ranging from molecular design (with low length scale 10-10 m) micro-structural configuration (up 10-2 m). However, considerable challenges remain be overcome, such the limited strain sensing range mechanical strength, signal loss/instability caused by swelling/deswelling, significant hysteresis signals, de-hydration induced malfunctions, surface/interfacial failure during manufacturing/processing. This review aims offer targeted scan recent advancements CPH based technology, establishment dedicated structure-property relationships lab advanced manufacturing routes potential scale-up production. The CPHs sensors is also explored, suggested new research avenues prospects included.

Language: Английский

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Humidity Sensing of Stretchable and Transparent Hydrogel Films for Wireless Respiration Monitoring

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Respiratory monitoring plays a pivotal role in health assessment and provides an important application prospect for flexible humidity sensors. However, traditional sensors suffer from trade-off between deformability, sensitivity, transparency, thus the development of high-performance, stretchable, low-cost is urgently needed as wearable electronics. Here, ultrasensitive, highly deformable, transparent are fabricated based on cost-effective polyacrylamide-based double network hydrogels. Concomitantly, general method preparing hydrogel films with controllable thickness proposed to boost sensitivity hydrogel-based due extensively increased specific surface area, which can be applied different polymer networks facilitate integrated In addition, sustainable tapioca rich hydrophilic polar groups introduced first time second cross-linked network, exhibiting excellent water adsorption capacity. Through synergistic optimization structure composition, obtained film exhibits ultrahigh 13,462.1%/%RH, unprecedented. Moreover, film-based sensor repeatability ability work normally under stretching even enhanced sensitivity. As proof concept, we integrate stretchable specially designed wireless circuit mask fabricate respiratory interruption detection system Bluetooth transmission, enabling real-time human status. This strategy construct miniaturized next-generation devices various physiological signals.

Language: Английский

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Highly permeable and ultrastretchable E-textiles with EGaIn-superlyophilicity for on-skin health monitoring, joule heating, and electromagnetic shielding

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 108194 - 108194

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Engineering Electrodes with Robust Conducting Hydrogel Coating for Neural Recording and Modulation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Abstract Coating conventional metallic electrodes with conducting polymers has enabled the essential characteristics required for bioelectronics, such as biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, mechanical compliance, and capacity structural chemical functionalization of bioelectrodes. However, fragile interface between polymer electrode in wet physiological environment greatly limits their utility reliability. Here, a general yet reliable strategy to seamlessly hydrogel coatings is established, featuring tissue‐like modulus, highly‐desirable electrochemical properties, robust interface, long‐term Numerical modeling reveals role toughening mechanism, synergy covalent anchorage long‐chain polymers, cross‐linking, improving robustness interface. Through vivo implantation freely‐moving mouse models, it shown that stable electrophysiological recording can be achieved, while hydrogel–electrode remains during low‐voltage stimulation. This simple versatile design addresses long‐standing technical challenges functional bioelectrode engineering, opens up new avenues next‐generation diagnostic brain‐machine interfaces.

Language: Английский

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Reversible Wet‐Adhesive and Self‐Healing Conductive Composite Elastomer of Liquid Metal

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(35)

Published: June 22, 2022

Abstract Stretchable conductors with the combination of high elasticity and electric conductivity have long been pursued in soft electronics. Liquid metals (LMs), whose mechanical properties match well elastomeric matrix, successfully applied robotics, electronic skins wearable devices. But it remains challenging to develop conductive composite elastomers LMs reversible adhesion self‐healing. Herein, EGaIn droplets are uniformly dispersed into elastomer, which contain dynamic disulfide endow elastomer thermal processability, recyclability, wet adhesion, With content ≥40 vol.%, resultant shows 1.3 × 104 S m −1 , self‐healing 8.0 h, strength up 670 kPa after curing for 2.0 h. When serving as adhesive, can easily adhere metal electrode light LED even when stretched 50%. self‐adhesive bioelectrode, also detect human electromyography signals. Thus, not only may this study provide a new platform designing self‐adhesive, self‐healing, liquid metals, but their promise facileness building damage‐endurable electronics applying human–machine interfaces.

Language: Английский

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Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Monitoring

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

The rise of flexible and stretchable electronics has revolutionized biosensor techniques for probing biological systems. Particularly, electrochemical sensors (FSECSs) enable the in situ quantification numerous biochemical molecules different entities owing to their exceptional sensitivity, fast response, easy miniaturization. Over past decade, fabrication application FSECSs have significantly progressed. This review highlights key developments electrode functionalization. It delves into sensing various biomarkers, including metabolites, electrolytes, signaling molecules, neurotransmitters from systems, encompassing outer epidermis, tissues/organs vitro vivo, living cells. Finally, considering preparation applications, current challenges future opportunities are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in the 3D printing of electrically conductive hydrogels for flexible electronics

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(14), P. 5380 - 5399

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This paper reviews the research progress of conductive hydrogel 3D printing for flexible electronics, with emphasis on methods, classification and materials synthesis application fields.

Language: Английский

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