Angewandte Chemie,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
136(11)
Published: Dec. 12, 2023
Abstract
Organic
fluorophores
are
indispensable
tools
in
cells,
tissue
and
vivo
imaging,
have
enabled
much
progress
the
wide
range
of
biological
biomedical
fields.
However,
many
available
dyes
suffer
from
insufficient
performances,
such
as
short
absorption
emission
wavelength,
low
brightness,
poor
stability,
small
Stokes
shift,
unsuitable
permeability,
restricting
their
application
advanced
imaging
technology
complex
imaging.
Over
past
two
decades,
efforts
been
made
to
improve
these
performances
fluorophores.
Starting
with
luminescence
principle
fluorophores,
this
review
clarifies
mechanisms
performance
for
traditional
a
certain
extent,
systematically
summarizes
modified
approaches
optimizing
properties,
highlights
typical
applications
improved
sensing,
indicates
existing
problems
challenges
area.
This
not
only
proves
significance
improving
but
also
provide
theoretical
guidance
development
high‐performance
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(4), P. 1738 - 1861
Published: Feb. 14, 2024
The
microenvironment
is
indispensable
for
functionality
of
various
biomacromolecules,
subcellular
compartments,
living
cells,
and
organisms.
In
particular,
physical
properties
within
the
biological
could
exert
profound
effects
on
both
cellular
physiology
pathology,
with
parameters
including
polarity,
viscosity,
pH,
other
relevant
factors.
There
a
significant
demand
to
directly
visualize
quantitatively
measure
fluctuation
in
spatiotemporal
resolution.
To
satisfy
this
need,
analytical
methods
based
fluorescence
probes
offer
great
opportunities
due
facile,
sensitive,
dynamic
detection
that
these
molecules
enable
varying
settings
from
vitro
samples
live
animal
models.
Herein,
we
focus
types
small
molecule
fluorescent
measurement
microenvironment,
mechanical
force,
temperature,
electron
potential.
For
each
parameter,
primarily
describe
chemical
mechanisms
underlying
how
are
correlated
changes
signals.
This
review
provides
an
overview
perspective
development
environment,
expand
knowledge
process,
enrich
diagnostic
tools
human
diseases.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
124(2), P. 554 - 628
Published: Nov. 22, 2023
In
vivo
imaging
technologies
have
emerged
as
a
powerful
tool
for
both
fundamental
research
and
clinical
practice.
particular,
luminescence
in
the
tissue-transparent
near-infrared
(NIR,
700–1700
nm)
region
offers
tremendous
potential
visualizing
biological
architectures
pathophysiological
events
living
subjects
with
deep
tissue
penetration
high
contrast
owing
to
reduced
light–tissue
interactions
of
absorption,
scattering,
autofluorescence.
The
distinctive
quantum
effects
nanocrystals
been
harnessed
achieve
exceptional
photophysical
properties,
establishing
them
promising
category
luminescent
probes.
this
comprehensive
review,
between
light
tissues,
well
advantages
NIR
imaging,
are
initially
elaborated.
Subsequently,
we
focus
on
achieving
improved
by
optimizing
performance
nanocrystal
fluorophores.
ingenious
design
strategies
probes
discussed,
along
their
respective
biomedical
applications
versatile
modalities.
Finally,
thought-provoking
reflections
challenges
prospects
future
translation
nanocrystal-based
wisely
provided.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(20), P. 7197 - 7261
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
In
the
realm
of
biological
research,
invention
super-resolution
microscopy
(SRM)
has
enabled
visualization
ultrafine
sub-cellular
structures
and
their
functions
in
live
cells
at
nano-scale
level,
beyond
diffraction
limit,
which
opened
up
a
new
window
for
advanced
biomedical
studies
to
unravel
complex
unknown
details
physiological
disorders
level
with
unprecedented
resolution
clarity.
However,
most
SRM
techniques
are
highly
reliant
on
personalized
special
photophysical
features
fluorophores.
recent
times,
there
been
an
surge
development
robust
fluorophore
systems
various
imaging
techniques.
To
date,
xanthene,
cyanine,
oxazine
BODIPY
cores
have
authoritatively
utilized
as
basic
units
small-molecule-based
organic
fluorescent
probe
designing
strategies
owing
excellent
characteristics
easy
synthetic
acquiescence.
Since
future
next-generation
will
be
decided
by
availability
probes
these
four
building
blocks
play
important
role
progressive
design,
is
urgent
need
review
advancements
fluorophores
different
methods
based
dye
cores.
This
article
not
only
includes
comprehensive
discussion
about
developments
emphasis
effective
integration
into
cell
bio-imaging
applications
but
also
critically
evaluates
background
each
highlight
merits
demerits
towards
developing
newer
SRM.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
63(11)
Published: Dec. 12, 2023
Abstract
Organic
fluorophores
are
indispensable
tools
in
cells,
tissue
and
vivo
imaging,
have
enabled
much
progress
the
wide
range
of
biological
biomedical
fields.
However,
many
available
dyes
suffer
from
insufficient
performances,
such
as
short
absorption
emission
wavelength,
low
brightness,
poor
stability,
small
Stokes
shift,
unsuitable
permeability,
restricting
their
application
advanced
imaging
technology
complex
imaging.
Over
past
two
decades,
efforts
been
made
to
improve
these
performances
fluorophores.
Starting
with
luminescence
principle
fluorophores,
this
review
clarifies
mechanisms
performance
for
traditional
a
certain
extent,
systematically
summarizes
modified
approaches
optimizing
properties,
highlights
typical
applications
improved
sensing,
indicates
existing
problems
challenges
area.
This
not
only
proves
significance
improving
but
also
provide
theoretical
guidance
development
high‐performance
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
123(24), P. 13966 - 14037
Published: Nov. 22, 2023
Phosphorescence,
characterized
by
luminescent
lifetimes
significantly
longer
than
that
of
biological
autofluorescence
under
ambient
environment,
is
great
value
for
biomedical
applications.
Academic
evidence
fluorescence
imaging
indicates
virtually
all
metrics
(sensitivity,
resolution,
and
penetration
depths)
are
improved
when
progressing
into
wavelength
regions,
especially
the
recently
reported
second
near-infrared
(NIR-II,
1000–1700
nm)
window.
Although
emission
probes
does
matter,
it
not
clear
whether
guideline
"the
wavelength,
better
effect"
still
suitable
developing
phosphorescent
probes.
For
tissue-specific
bioimaging,
long-lived
probes,
even
if
they
emit
visible
phosphorescence,
enable
accurate
visualization
large
deep
tissues.
studies
dealing
with
bioimaging
tiny
architectures
or
dynamic
physiopathological
activities,
prerequisite
rigorous
planning
long-wavelength
being
aware
cooperative
contribution
long
wavelengths
improving
spatiotemporal
depth,
sensitivity
bioimaging.
In
this
Review,
emerging
molecular
engineering
methods
room-temperature
phosphorescence
discussed
through
lens
photophysical
mechanisms.
We
highlight
roles
from
to
NIR-II
windows
toward
bioapplications.
To
appreciate
such
advances,
challenges
prospects
in
rapidly
growing
described.
Chemistry of Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(6), P. 2472 - 2485
Published: Feb. 24, 2023
Stimulated
emission
depletion
(STED)
nanoscopy
has
broadened
our
horizons
to
unravel
mysterious
functions
of
cellular
structures
on
an
unparalleled
nanometer
scale.
Nevertheless,
intense
laser
power
is
a
general
prerequisite
for
STED
super-resolution
imaging
with
satisfactory
resolution,
inevitably
leading
severe
photobleaching
fluorophores,
irreparable
photodamage
biosamples,
and
impaired
quality.
Herein,
by
modulating
distinct
acceptor
units,
series
donor–acceptor–acceptor
structured
fluorescent
acrylonitriles
featured
aggregation-induced
(AIE)
at
low
were
systematically
developed.
These
AIE
luminogens
(AIEgens)
exhibited
tunable
near-infrared
emissions
(650–733
nm)
high
fluorescence
quantum
yields
(QYs
up
26.8%)
in
the
solid
state,
significant
Stokes
shifts,
large
two-photon
absorption
cross-sections.
They
also
typical
solvatochromic
effect
ultrahigh
QYs
98.4%
low-polarity
solvents.
Furthermore,
these
lipophilic
specifically
lit
lipid
droplets
(LDs)
exceptionally
photostability
wash-free
manner.
By
taking
TPA-BT-ANBI
as
example,
LDs
excellent
resolution
62
80
nm
cytosolic
nuclear
LDs,
respectively,
saturation
0.83
MW/cm2
extended
time-lapse
LD
dynamics
was
achieved.
Subsequent
use
optical
discrimination
fatty
liver
tissues
deep-tissue
demonstrated.
This
study
opens
new
avenues
versatile
photostable
materials
powers
target-specific
imaging.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(18), P. 6344 - 6358
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
analyzes
strategies
to
convert
key
fluorophores
into
red/NIR
emitting
derivatives,
with
typical
examples
of
how
such
can
be
used
develop
molecular
probes
for
biological
analytes,
along
sensing
features.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(10), P. 6198 - 6270
Published: May 8, 2024
Hybrid
small-molecule/protein
fluorescent
probes
are
powerful
tools
for
visualizing
protein
localization
and
function
in
living
cells.
These
hybrid
constructed
by
diverse
site-specific
chemical
labeling
approaches
through
reactions
to
exogenous
peptide/small
tags,
enzymatic
post-translational
modifications,
bioorthogonal
genetically
incorporated
unnatural
amino
acids,
ligand-directed
reactions.
The
employed
imaging
trafficking,
conformational
changes,
bioanalytes
surrounding
proteins.
In
addition,
facilitate
visualization
of
dynamics
at
the
single-molecule
level
defined
structure
with
super-resolution
imaging.
this
review,
we
discuss
development
bioimaging
applications
based
on
hybrids.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63(17)
Published: March 6, 2024
Organic
small-molecule
fluorophores,
characterized
by
flexible
chemical
structure
and
adjustable
optical
performance,
have
shown
tremendous
potential
in
biosensing.
However,
classical
organic
fluorophore
motifs
feature
large
overlap
between
excitation
emission
spectra,
leading
to
the
requirement
of
advanced
set
up
filter
desired
signal,
which
limits
their
application
scenarios
with
simple
settings.
Here,
a
series
wavelength-tunable
fluorescent
dyes
(PTs)
bearing
moieties
been
developed,
exhibit
Stokes
shift
262
nm,
molar
extinction
coefficients
ranged
30,000-100,000
M
