Medical Device-Associated Infections Caused by Biofilm-Forming Microbial Pathogens and Controlling Strategies

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 623 - 623

Published: July 4, 2024

Hospital-acquired infections, also known as nosocomial include bloodstream surgical site skin and soft tissue respiratory tract urinary infections. According to reports, Gram-positive Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria account for up 70% of infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Biofilm production is a main virulence mechanism distinguishing feature bacterial pathogens. Most pathogens develop biofilms at the solid-liquid air-liquid interfaces. An essential requirement biofilm presence conditioning film. A film provides first surface on which can adhere fosters growth by creating favorable environment. The improves microbial adherence delivering chemical signals or generating microenvironments. Microorganisms use this coating nutrient source. gathers both inorganic organic substances from its surroundings, these are generated microbes These nutrients boost initial adhering facilitate formation acting food Coatings with combined antibacterial efficacy antifouling properties provide further benefits preventing dead cells debris surfaces. In present review, we address numerous that form surfaces biomedical devices. addition, explore several efficient smart antiadhesive coatings device-relevant materials manage caused biofilm-forming

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

Biofilm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100129 - 100129

Published: May 2, 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of life-threatening acute infections and life-long lasting chronic infections. The characteristic biofilm mode life in P. severely limits the efficacy antimicrobial therapies, as it leads to intrinsic tolerance, involving physical physiological factors addition biofilm-specific genes that can confer transient protection against antibiotics promoting development resistance. Indeed, striking feature this pathogen extraordinary capacity develop resistance nearly all available through selection chromosomal mutations, evidenced by its outstanding versatile mutational resistome. This threat dramatically amplified infections, driven frequent emergence mutator variants with enhanced spontaneous mutation rates. Thus, mini review focused on describing complex interplay antibiotic mechanisms biofilms, provide potentially useful information for design effective therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Better together– Salmonella biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 4, 2023

Salmonella poses a serious threat to public health and socioeconomic development worldwide because of its foodborne pathogenicity antimicrobial resistance. This biofilm-planktonic lifestyle enables interfere with the host become resistant drugs, conferring inherent tolerance antibiotics. The complex biofilm structure makes bacteria tolerant harsh conditions due diversity physiological, biochemical, environmental, molecular factors constituting resistance mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview mechanisms formation antibiotic resistance, emphasis on less-studied in-depth analysis latest knowledge about upregulated drug-resistance-associated genes in bacterial aggregates. We classified extensively discussed each group these encoding transporters, outer membrane proteins, enzymes, multiple metabolism, stress response-associated proteins. Finally, highlighted missing information studies that need be undertaken understand features contribute eliminating antibiotic-resistant health-threatening biofilms.

Language: Английский

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Intermittent antibiotic treatment of bacterial biofilms favors the rapid evolution of resistance

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 16, 2023

Abstract Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a global health concern of increasing importance and intensive study. Although biofilms are common source infections in clinical settings, little known about the development within biofilms. Here, we use experimental evolution to compare selection mutations planktonic biofilm Escherichia coli populations exposed clinically relevant cycles lethal treatment with aminoglycoside amikacin. Consistently, sbmA , encoding an inner membrane peptide transporter, fusA essential elongation factor G, rapidly selected biofilms, but not cells. This due combination enhanced mutation rate, increased adhesion capacity protective biofilm-associated tolerance. These results show that environment favors rapid provide new insights into dynamic

Language: Английский

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Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going?

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

SUMMARY Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including mechanisms behind reduced antimicrobial susceptibility biofilms, has increased drastically over last decades. However, this so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While concept is increasingly on radar microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals general, standardized tools to study biofilms microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area which particularly obvious that testing (AST). It generally accepted lifestyle a tremendous impact antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST typically carried out with planktonic cells. On top that, microenvironment at site infection an important driver for microbial physiology hence susceptibility; but poorly reflected current methods. The goal review provide overview state art concerning highlight gaps area. Subsequently, potential ways improve biofilm-based will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing use practice, as well steps needed get past these bottlenecks,

Language: Английский

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Antibiofilm and antivirulence activities of laminarin-gold nanoparticles in standard and host-mimicking media

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract The rapidly rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic bacteria has become one of the most serious public health challenges, with a high death rate. Most have been recognized as source AMR and primary barrier to treatment failure due development biofilms production virulence factors. In this work, nanotechnology was employed substitute method control formation attenuate features Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus . We synthesized biocompatible gold nanoparticles from marine-derived laminarin potential biofilm treatments. Laminarin-gold (Lam-AuNPs) identified spherical, 49.84 ± 7.32 nm size − 26.49 1.29 mV zeta potential. MIC value Lam-AuNPs against several drug-resistant microbial pathogens varied 2 1024 μg/mL both standard host-mimicking media. Sub-MIC values were reported effectively reduce P. S. growth Furthermore, sub-MIC strongly reduced hemolysis, pyocyanin, pyoverdine, protease, forms flagellar pili-mediated motility also inhibited hemolysis amyloid fibrils. dispersed preformed mature these dose-dependent manner. would be considered an alternative antibiofilm antivirulence agent infections. Key points • biosynthesized virulence. show effective inhibition suppress various factors aureus.

Language: Английский

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In vivo evolution of antimicrobial resistance in a biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in biofilms has been repeatedly studied by experimental vitro, but rarely vivo. complex microenvironment at the infection site imposes selective pressures on bacterial biofilms, potentially influencing development AMR. We report here AMR an vivo mouse model Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm lung infection. P. embedded seaweed alginate beads underwent four successive passages with or without ciprofloxacin (CIP) exposure. CIP was assessed each passage population analysis populations recovered from lungs CIP-treated and control mice, subsequent whole-genome sequencing selected isolates. As inflammation plays a crucial role shaping site, its impact explored through measurement cytokine levels homogenate. A rapid observed starting second mice. Genetic revealed mutations nfxB, efflux pumps (mexZ), two-component systems (parS) contribution to resistance. group isolates exhibited dipA gene, likely associated dispersion. In initial two passages, elevated inflammatory response compared group. This increase may contribute release mutagenic reactive oxygen species conclusion, this study illustrates relationship between infection, antibiotic treatment, immune response.

Language: Английский

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Biofilms preserve the transmissibility of a multi-drug resistance plasmid

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Self-transmissible multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids are a major health concern because they can spread antibiotic to pathogens. Even though most pathogens form biofilms, little is known about how MDR persist and evolve in biofilms. We hypothesize that (i) biofilms act as refugia of by retaining them the absence antibiotics longer than well-mixed planktonic populations (ii) evolutionary trajectories account for improvement plasmid persistence over time differ between populations. In this study, we evolved Acinetobacter baumannii with an biofilm without selection. selection, were better able maintain populations, improved rapidly but was accompanied loss genes required horizontal transfer plasmids. contrast, retained their genes, on average, plasmid, less time. Our results showed favor mode transfer, which has important implications MDR.

Language: Английский

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Global challenges and microbial biofilms: Identification of priority questions in biofilm research, innovation and policy

Biofilm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100210 - 100210

Published: July 4, 2024

Priority question exercises are increasingly used to frame and set future research, innovation development agendas. They can provide an important bridge between the discoveries, data outputs generated by researchers, information required policy makers funders. Microbial biofilms present huge scientific, societal economic opportunities challenges. In order identify key priorities that will help advance field, here we review questions from a pool submitted international biofilm research community practitioners working across industry, environment medicine. To avoid bias computational approaches group manage voting selection process. The outcome of exercise is 78 unique questions, categorized in six themes: (i) Biofilm control, disruption, prevention, management, treatment (13 questions); (ii) Resistance, persistence, tolerance, role aggregation, immune interaction, relevance infection (10 (iii) Model systems, standards, regulatory, education, interdisciplinary (15 (iv) Polymicrobial, interactions, ecology, microbiome, phage (v) Clinical focus, chronic infection, detection, diagnostics (vi) Matrix, lipids, capsule, metabolism, development, physiology, evolution environment, engineering (14 questions). presented intended highlight opportunities, stimulate discussion focus for funders makers, informing strategy microbial communities.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3)

Published: July 12, 2024

SUMMARY The human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is complex highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to health. Dysbiosis gut microbiota polymicrobial biofilms have been associated gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory colorectal cancers. This review covers molecular composition organization biofilms, mechanistic aspects biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication behavior, synergistic effects biofilms. further describes clinical relevance diseases role antimicrobial resistance, defense system therapeutic strategies counteracting Taken together, this summarizes latest knowledge research on their disorders provides directions toward development biofilm-specific treatments.

Language: Английский

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