Understanding interactions between plasticity, adaptation and range shifts in response to marine environmental change

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 374(1768), P. 20180186 - 20180186

Published: Jan. 28, 2019

Climate change is leading to shifts in species geographical distributions, but populations are also probably adapting environmental at different rates across their range. Owing a lack of natural and empirical data on the influence phenotypic adaptation range marine species, we provide general conceptual model for understanding population responses climate that incorporates plasticity ecosystems. We use this help inform where within each mechanism will operate most strongly explore supporting evidence species. then expand discussion from single-species perspective community-level visualize guide research into important yet poorly understood processes adaptation. This article part theme issue ‘The role rapid change’.

Language: Английский

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Is Ocean Acidification Really a Threat to Marine Calcifiers? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of 980+ Studies Spanning Two Decades

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(35)

Published: Aug. 7, 2022

Abstract Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim critically re‐evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects ocean on calcifiers. Based 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, cephalopods) are found be tolerant near‐future (pH ≈ 7.8 by year 2100), coccolithophores, calcifying algae, corals appear sensitive. Calcifiers generally more sensitive at larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% in growth calcification non‐negative, implying acclimation capacity acidification. can mediated phenotypic plasticity physiological, mineralogical, structural, molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that impacts less deleterious initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, forthcoming era research, it advocated studying how organisms persist important they perish, future hypotheses experimental designs not constrained within effects.

Language: Английский

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Heat waves and their significance for a temperate benthic community: A near‐natural experimental approach

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 4357 - 4367

Published: April 23, 2018

Climate change will not only shift environmental means but also increase the intensity of extreme events, exerting additional stress on ecosystems. While field observations ecological consequences heat waves are emerging, experimental evidence is rare, and lacking at community level. Using a novel "near-natural" outdoor mesocosms approach, this study tested whether marine summer have detrimental for macrofauna temperate coastal community, sequential provoke an or decrease sensitivity to thermal stress. Three treatments were applied, defined characterized through statistical analysis 15 years temperature records from site: (1) no wave, (2) two in June July followed by wave August (3) only. Overall, 50% species showed positive, negative positive/negative responses either abundance and/or biomass. We highlight four possible ways which single responded three subsequent one wave: absence response (tolerance, species), accumulative effects (tellinid bivalve), buffering proceeding due acclimation shifts phenology (spionid polychaete) (4) positive effect (amphipod). The differential level entailed Community-level differences between triple more pronounced than those regimes with vs. without waves. Detritivory was reduced while suspension feeding less common regime. Critical events occur already today frequently changing climate, thus, leading impacts systems.

Language: Английский

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Stretchable sensors for environmental monitoring

Applied Physics Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 1, 2019

The development of flexible and stretchable sensors has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In particular, stretchable, skin-like, wearable are desirable for a variety potential applications such as personalized health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, environmental sensing. this paper, we review advancements the mechanically systems that can be used to quantitatively assess parameters including light, temperature, humidity, gas, pH. We discuss innovations device structure, material selection, fabrication methods which explain stretchability characteristics these provide detailed comparative study their sensing mechanisms, sensor characteristics, mechanical performance, limitations. Finally, summary current challenges an outlook on opportunities possible future research directions emerging field.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Global Warming and Elevated CO2 on Sensory Behavior in Predator-Prey Interactions: A Review and Synthesis

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: March 20, 2019

Ecosystems are shaped by complex interactions between species and their environment. However, humans rapidly changing the environment through increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, creating global warming elevated CO2 levels that affect ecological communities multiple processes. Understanding community responses to climate change requires examining consequences of behavioral species, such as those affecting predator prey. underlying sensory process govern these interactions, how they may be affected provides a predictive framework, but many studies examine outcomes only. This review summarizes current knowledge impacts on predator-prey with respect relevant aspects ecology, we discuss potential effects. Our specific questions concern affects ability predators prey collect information this interactions. We develop framework for understanding can alter processes (steps) cue (or signal) production, transmission reception change. includes both direct effects production resulting from changes in organismal physiology, also modulation physical via biotic changes. suggest some modalities particularly prone disruption, aquatic environments suffer more serious disruptions result collectively all steps signaling process. Temperature itself primarily operate generation transmission, implying sensory-mediated terrestrial less severe. significant biases literature terms (chemosensation), taxa (fish), stressors (elevated CO2) examined currently prevents accurate generalizations. Significant issues multimodal compensation altered or other environmental remain largely unaddressed. Future should strive fill gaps order better understand predict shifts climate.

Language: Английский

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Trophic pyramids reorganize when food web architecture fails to adjust to ocean change

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6505), P. 829 - 832

Published: Aug. 14, 2020

Inflexible webs It is clear that human activities are negatively affecting current ecosystems. Predicting how our will affect future systems more challenging because it involves estimating the unknown. Nagelkerken et al. overcame some of these unknowns by constructing small versions, or mesocosms, a marine ecosystem included species representing all trophic levels (see Perspective Chown). They then exposed to predicted carbon dioxide and acidification. The structure was relatively resistant acidification but not warming. Warmed experienced reorganization rescued functional redundancy other stabilizing responses. Such inflexibility may be precursor collapse. Science , this issue p. 829 ; see also 770

Language: Английский

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Disentangling tropicalization and deborealization in marine ecosystems under climate change

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(21), P. 4817 - 4823.e5

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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The effects of climate change on the ecology of fishes

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(8), P. e0000258 - e0000258

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Ocean warming and acidification are set to reshuffle life on Earth alter ecological processes that underpin the biodiversity, health, productivity, resilience of ecosystems. Fishes contribute significantly marine, estuarine, freshwater species diversity functioning marine ecosystems, not immune climate change impacts. Whilst considerable effort has been placed studying effects fishes, much emphasis their (eco)physiology at organismal level. affected by through impacts various levels biological organisation a large variety traits, making it difficult make generalisations regarding fish responses change. Here, we briefly review current state knowledge fishes across wide range subfields ecology evaluate these scales (from genes ecosystems). We argue more holistic synthesis interconnected integration different needed for better understanding how populations communities might respond or adapt multi-stressor postulate studies using natural analogues change, meta-analyses, advanced integrative modelling approaches, lessons learned from past extreme events could help reveal some general patterns valuable management conservation approaches. many underlying mechanisms responsible observed biodiversity community insights useful create adaptation strategies preservation in rapidly changing ocean.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Differentiation Among Nitrous Oxide Reducers Enhances Temperature Effects on Riverine N₂O Emissions

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) reductase, the sole natural microbial sink for N O, exists in two clades: nosZ I and II. Although previous studies have explored inter‐clade ecological differentiation, intra‐clade variations their implications O dynamics remain understudied. This study investigated both inter‐ differentiation among reducers, drivers influencing these patterns, effects on emissions across continental‐scale river systems. The results showed that II community turnovers were associated with similar key environmental factors, particularly total phosphorus (TP), but variables explained a larger proportion of variation community. influence mean annual temperature (MAT) composition increased more widespread O‐reducing taxa. We identified distinct clusters within each clade reducers observed identical clustering patterns clades. These primarily characterized by MAT regimes, coarse sediment texture as well low TP levels, high abundance producers, MAT‐related constituting predominant proportions. Intra‐clade was crucial predictor flux reduction efficiency. different varying or even contrasting associations dynamics, shared clades exhibited trends. Low‐MAT communities negatively correlated denitrification‐normalized O:(N + ) ratio, whereas high‐MAT positive correlations. pattern likely stems from low‐MAT being better adapted to eutrophic conditions frequent co‐occurrence O‐producing genes. findings advance our understanding distribution functions ecosystems, suggesting warming rivers may decreased efficiency thereby amplify temperature‐driven emissions.

Language: Английский

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The duality of ocean acidification as a resource and a stressor

Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 99(5), P. 1005 - 1010

Published: May 1, 2018

Abstract Ecologically dominant species often define ecosystem states, but as human disturbances intensify, their subordinate counterparts increasingly displace them. We consider the duality of disturbance by examining how environmental drivers can simultaneously act a stressor to and resource subordinates. Using model ecosystem, we demonstrate that CO 2 ‐driven interactions between account for such reversals in dominance; i.e., displacement dominants (kelp forests) subordinates (turf algae). established enrichment had direct positive effect on productivity turfs, negligible kelp. further suppressed abundance feeding rate primary grazer turfs (sea urchins), an opposite minor (gastropods). Thus, boosted production producers, exacerbated net reduction its consumption grazers, accounts community change (i.e., turf displacing kelp). Ecosystem collapse, therefore, is more likely when alters competitive dominance consumers fail compensate. By recognizing responses interacting disturbance, which may stabilize or exacerbate change, begin understand intensifying determine whether not ecosystems undergo phase shifts.

Language: Английский

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