Changes in phytoplankton concentration now drive increased Arctic Ocean primary production

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6500), P. 198 - 202

Published: July 9, 2020

Food for thought Phytoplankton abundances in the Arctic Ocean have been increasing over recent decades as region has warmed and sea ice disappeared. The presumptive causes of this increase were expanding open water area a longer growing season—at least until now. Lewis et al. show that although these factors may driven productivity trends before, past decade, phytoplankton primary production rose by more than half because increased concentrations (see Perspective Babin). This finding means there an influx new nutrients into region, suggesting could become productive export additional carbon future. Science , issue p. 198 ; see also 137

Language: Английский

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Phytoplankton dynamics in a changing Arctic Ocean

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 892 - 903

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Understanding Arctic Ocean Circulation: A Review of Ocean Dynamics in a Changing Climate

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 125(4)

Published: March 17, 2020

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a focal point of climate change, with ocean warming, freshening, sea‐ice decline, and circulation that link to the changing atmospheric terrestrial environment. Major features interconnected nature its wind‐ buoyancy‐driven are reviewed here by presenting synthesis observational data interpreted from perspective geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD). general seen be superposition Atlantic Water flowing into around basin two main wind‐driven interior stratified Ocean: Transpolar Drift Stream Beaufort Gyre. specific drivers these systems, including wind forcing, ice‐ocean interactions, surface buoyancy fluxes, their associated GFD explored. essential understanding guides an assessment how structure might fundamentally change as warms, cover declines, ice remains becomes more mobile.

Language: Английский

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State of the Climate in 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 100(9), P. Si - S306

Published: Sept. 1, 2019

Abstract Editor’s note: For easy download the posted pdf of State Climate for 2019 is a low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy report available by clicking here . Please be patient as it may take few minutes file to download.

Language: Английский

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Faster Atlantic currents drive poleward expansion of temperate phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 6, 2020

Abstract The Arctic marine biome, shrinking with increasing temperature and receding sea-ice cover, is tightly connected to lower latitudes through the North Atlantic. By flowing northward European Corridor (the main gateway where 80% of in- outflow takes place), Atlantic Waters transport most ocean heat, but also nutrients planktonic organisms toward Ocean. Using satellite-derived altimetry observations, we reveal an increase, up two-fold, in current surface velocities over last 24 years. More importantly, show evidence that its variability shape spatial distribution coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi ( Ehux ), a tracer for temperate ecosystems. We further demonstrate bio-advection, rather than water as previously assumed, major mechanism responsible recent poleward intrusions southern species like . Our findings confirm biological physical “Atlantification” Ocean potential alterations food web biogeochemical cycles.

Language: Английский

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Climate change opens new frontiers for marine species in the Arctic: Current trends and future invasion risks

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 25 - 38

Published: Oct. 8, 2018

Abstract Climate change and increased anthropogenic activities are expected to elevate the potential of introducing nonindigenous species (NIS) into Arctic. Yet, knowledge base needed identify gaps priorities for NIS research management is limited. Here, we reviewed primary introduction events each ecoregion marine Arctic realm temporal spatial patterns, likely source regions NIS, putative pathways. We included 54 representing 34 unique NIS. The rate discovery ranged from zero four per year between 1960 2015. Iceland Shelf had greatest number ( n = 14), followed by Barents Sea 11), Norwegian 11). Sixteen records no known origins. majority those with were attributed Northeast Atlantic Northwest Pacific, 19 14 records, respectively. Some multiple possible For these introductions, vessels transferred aquatic (39%) Arctic, natural spread (30%) aquaculture (25%). Similar trends found introductions a single pathway. phyla Arthropoda Ochrophyta highest recorded events, 12 Recommendations including vector management, horizon scanning, early detection, rapid response, pan‐Arctic biodiversity inventory considered in this paper. Our study provides comprehensive record environments circumpolar identifies opportunities management. Ecosystems worldwide will face dramatic changes coming decades due global change. findings contribute address two aspects change—invasive climate

Language: Английский

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Physical manifestations and ecological implications of Arctic Atlantification

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 874 - 889

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Exceptional warming over the Barents area

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 15, 2022

In recent decades, surface air temperature (SAT) data from Global reanalyses points to maximum warming over the northern Barents area. However, a scarcity of observations hampers confidence in this Arctic hotspot region. Here, we study past 20-40 years based on new available SAT and quality controlled comprehensive dataset archipelagos Sea. We identify statistically significant record-high annual up 2.7 °C per decade, with autumn 4.0 decade. Our results are compared most global regional reanalysis sets, as well remote sensing records sea ice concentration (SIC), (SST) high-resolution charts. The pattern is primarily consistent reductions cover confirms general spatial temporal patterns represented by reanalyses. our findings suggest even stronger rate SIC-SAT relation than was known region until now.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Atlantic Heat Transport in Future Arctic Winter Sea Ice Loss

Journal of Climate, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 32(11), P. 3327 - 3341

Published: March 13, 2019

Abstract During recent decades Arctic sea ice variability and retreat during winter have largely been a result of variable ocean heat transport (OHT). Here we use the Community Earth System Model (CESM) large ensemble simulation to disentangle internally externally forced variability, assess what extent future trends are driven by Atlantic transport. We find that OHT into Barents Sea has been, is at present, major source internal predictability. In warming world (RCP8.5), remains good predictor although relation weakens as retreats beyond Sea. Warm water gradually spreads downstream from farther Ocean, leading reduced cover substantial changes in thickness. The long-term increase carried warmer current itself found weaken. weakening inflow contrast strengthening Nordic Seas circulation, thus not directly related slowdown meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). weakened rather results regional atmospheric acting change relative strength pathways Arctic. Internal associated with both upstream changes, including AMOC, large-scale anomalies reminiscent Oscillation.

Language: Английский

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Past perspectives on the present era of abrupt Arctic climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 714 - 721

Published: July 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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