Quaternary Science Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
286, P. 107537 - 107537
Published: May 14, 2022
Global
and
hemispheric
temperature
reconstructions
provide
an
important
means
of
placing
recent
anthropogenic
trends
in
the
context
preindustrial
climate
variations
evaluating
their
causes.
As
new
have
been
developed
estimates
past
refined,
results
continue
to
show
that
by
late
20th
century
temperatures
very
likely
exceeded
those
any
time
at
least
last
millennium.
Despite
progress
over
two
decades,
however,
there
remain
persistent
uncertainties
with
regard
to,
inter
alia,
first
millennium
global
annual
scales,
magnitude
multidecadal
millennial-scale
changes
causes,
surface
response
volcanic
eruptions.
We
review
strengths
limitations
existing
paleoclimate
highlight
sources
extant
uncertainties,
all
Sixth
Assessment
Report
from
Working
Group
I
Intergovernmental
Panel
on
Climate
Change.
Based
our
these
factors,
we
recommendations
for
using,
interpreting,
improving
large-scale
reconstructions.
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: June 30, 2020
Abstract
An
extensive
new
multi-proxy
database
of
paleo-temperature
time
series
(Temperature
12k)
enables
a
more
robust
analysis
global
mean
surface
temperature
(GMST)
and
associated
uncertainties
than
was
previously
available.
We
applied
five
different
statistical
methods
to
reconstruct
the
GMST
past
12,000
years
(Holocene).
Each
method
used
approaches
averaging
globally
distributed
characterizing
various
sources
uncertainty,
including
proxy
temperature,
chronology
methodological
choices.
The
results
were
aggregated
generate
multi-method
ensemble
plausible
latitudinal-zone
reconstructions
with
realistic
range
uncertainties.
warmest
200-year-long
interval
took
place
around
6500
ago
when
0.7
°C
(0.3,
1.8)
warmer
19
th
Century
(median,
5
,
95
percentiles).
Following
Holocene
thermal
maximum,
cooled
at
an
average
rate
−0.08
per
1000
(−0.24,
−0.05).
ensembles
code
them
highlight
utility
Temperature
12k
database,
they
are
now
available
for
future
use
by
studies
aimed
understanding
evolution
Earth
system.
Abstract
Growth
in
fundamental
drivers—energy
use,
economic
productivity
and
population—can
provide
quantitative
indications
of
the
proposed
boundary
between
Holocene
Epoch
Anthropocene.
Human
energy
expenditure
Anthropocene,
~22
zetajoules
(ZJ),
exceeds
that
across
prior
11,700
years
(~14.6
ZJ),
largely
through
combustion
fossil
fuels.
The
global
warming
effect
during
Anthropocene
is
more
than
an
order
magnitude
greater
still.
Global
human
population,
their
consumption,
most
changes
impacting
environment,
are
highly
correlated.
This
extraordinary
outburst
consumption
demonstrates
how
Earth
System
has
departed
from
its
state
since
~1950
CE,
forcing
abrupt
physical,
chemical
biological
to
Earth’s
stratigraphic
record
can
be
used
justify
proposal
for
naming
a
new
epoch—the
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: April 14, 2020
A
comprehensive
database
of
paleoclimate
records
is
needed
to
place
recent
warming
into
the
longer-term
context
natural
climate
variability.
We
present
a
global
compilation
quality-controlled,
published,
temperature-sensitive
proxy
extending
back
12,000
years
through
Holocene.
Data
were
compiled
from
679
sites
where
time
series
cover
at
least
4000
years,
are
resolved
sub-millennial
scale
(median
spacing
400
or
finer)
and
have
one
age
control
point
every
3000
with
cut-off
values
slackened
in
data-sparse
regions.
The
data
derive
lake
sediment
(51%),
marine
(31%),
peat
(11%),
glacier
ice
(3%),
other
archives.
contains
1319
records,
including
157
Southern
Hemisphere.
multi-proxy
comprises
paleotemperature
based
on
ecological
assemblages,
as
well
biophysical
geochemical
indicators
that
reflect
mean
annual
seasonal
temperatures,
encoded
database.
This
can
be
used
reconstruct
spatiotemporal
evolution
Holocene
temperature
regional
scales,
publicly
available
Linked
Paleo
(LiPD)
format.
