Saccadic scanpath length: an index for human threat conditioning DOI Creative Commons
Yanfang Xia, Filip Melinščak, Dominik R. Bach

et al.

Behavior Research Methods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 1426 - 1439

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

Abstract Threat-conditioned cues are thought to capture overt attention in a bottom-up process. Quantification of this phenomenon typically relies on cue competition paradigms. Here, we sought exploit gaze patterns during exclusive presentation visual conditioned stimulus, order quantify human threat conditioning. To end, capitalized summary statistic search CS presentation, scanpath length. During simple delayed conditioning paradigm with full-screen monochrome stimuli (CS), observed shorter length CS+ compared CS- presentation. Retrodictive validity, i.e., effect size distinguish and CS-, was maximized by considering 2-s time window before US onset. Taking into account the shape scan speed response resulted similar retrodictive validity. The mechanism underlying appeared be longer fixation duration more screen center relative These findings were replicated second experiment setup, further confirmed third using as CS. This included an extinction session which differences extinguish. In fourth auditory instruction fixate center, no observed. conclusion, our study suggests statistic, may used complementary measure validity that skin conductance responses.

Language: Английский

Understanding clinical fear and anxiety through the lens of human fear conditioning DOI Open Access
Tom Beckers, Dirk Hermans, Iris Lange

et al.

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 233 - 245

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

84
Enhancing precision in human neuroscience DOI Creative Commons
Stephan Nebe, Mario Reutter, Daniel H. Baker

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Human neuroscience has always been pushing the boundary of what is measurable. During last decade, concerns about statistical power and replicability – in science general, but also specifically human have fueled an extensive debate. One important insight from this discourse need for larger samples, which naturally increases power. An alternative to increase precision measurements, focus review. This option often overlooked, even though benefits increasing as much sample size. Nonetheless, at heart good scientific practice neuroscience, with researchers relying on lab traditions or rules thumb ensure sufficient their studies. In review, we encourage a more systematic approach precision. We start by introducing measurement its importance well-powered studies neuroscience. Then, determinants range neuroscientific methods (MRI, M/EEG, EDA, Eye-Tracking, Endocrinology) are elaborated. end discussing how evaluation application respective insights can lead reproducibility

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Measuring learning in human classical threat conditioning: Translational, cognitive and methodological considerations DOI
Karita E. Ojala, Dominik R. Bach

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 96 - 112

Published: April 27, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Cross-species anxiety tests in psychiatry: pitfalls and promises DOI Creative Commons
Dominik R. Bach

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 154 - 163

Published: Sept. 24, 2021

Abstract Behavioural anxiety tests in non-human animals are used for anxiolytic drug discovery, and to investigate the neurobiology of threat avoidance. Over past decade, several them were translated humans with three clinically relevant goals: assess potential efficacy candidate treatments healthy humans; develop diagnostic or biomarkers; elucidate pathophysiology disorders. In this review, we scrutinise these promises compare seven that validated across species: five approach-avoidance conflict tests, unpredictable shock anticipation, social intrusion test children. Regarding first goal, appear suitable screening humans. However, they have not become part development pipeline achieving may require independent confirmation predictive validity cost-effectiveness. Secondly, two shown measure individual differences, but their psychometric properties, value, clinical applicability need be clarified. Finally, cross-species research has yet revealed new evidence physiology human behaviour relates symptoms patients. To summarise, could rendered useful instruments. Using aetiology needs queried turn out unrealistic.

Language: Английский

Citations

67
Current trends and opportunities in the methodology of electrodermal activity measurement DOI

Christian Tronstad,

Maryam Amini, Dominik R. Bach

et al.

Physiological Measurement, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(2), P. 02TR01 - 02TR01

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Abstract Electrodermal activity (EDA) has been measured in the laboratory since late 1800s. Although influence of sudomotor nerve and sympathetic nervous system on EDA is well established, mechanisms underlying signal generation are not completely understood. Owing to simplicity instrumentation modern electronics, these measurements have recently seen a transfer from wearable devices, sparking numerous novel applications while bringing along both challenges new opportunities. In addition developments electronics miniaturization, current trends material technology manufacturing sparked innovations electrode technologies, data science such as machine learning sensor fusion expanding ways that measurement can be processed utilized. remain for quality measurement, ongoing research may shorten gap between standardized recordings laboratory. this topical review, we provide an overview basics discuss opportunities EDA, review recent instrumentation, technology, processing, modeling tools advance field over coming years.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Consensus design of a calibration experiment for human fear conditioning DOI Creative Commons
Dominik R. Bach, Juliana Sporrer, Rany Abend

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 105146 - 105146

Published: March 27, 2023

Fear conditioning is a widely used laboratory model to investigate learning, memory, and psychopathology across species. The quantification of learning in this paradigm heterogeneous humans psychometric properties different methods can be difficult establish. To overcome obstacle, calibration standard metrological procedure which well-defined values latent variable are generated an established experimental paradigm. These intended then serve as validity criterion rank methods. Here, we develop protocol for human fear conditioning. Based on literature review, series workshops, survey N = 96 experts, propose experiment settings 25 design variables calibrate the measurement Design were chosen theory-free possible allow wide applicability contexts. Besides establishing specific procedure, general process outline may blueprint efforts other subfields behavioral neuroscience that need refinement.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Psychophysiological modelling and the measurement of fear conditioning DOI Creative Commons
Dominik R. Bach, Filip Melinščak

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 103576 - 103576

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Quantification of fear conditioning is paramount to many clinical and translational studies on aversive learning. Various measures co-exist, including different observables methods pre-processing. Here, we first argue that low measurement error a rational desideratum for any technique. We then show can be approximated in benchmark experiments by how closely intended memory relates measured memory, quantity term retrodictive validity. From this perspective, discuss approaches commonly used quantify conditioning. One these psychophysiological modelling (PsPM). This builds model describes psychological variable, such as influences physiological measure. statistically inverted estimate the most likely value given data. review existing PsPMs skin conductance, pupil size, heart period, respiration, startle eye-blink. illustrate benefit terms validity translate into sample size required achieve desired level statistical power. differ up factor three between observables, best, current standard, data pre-processing methods.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Navigating the manyverse of skin conductance response quantification approaches – A direct comparison of trough‐to‐peak, baseline correction, and model‐based approaches in Ledalab and PsPM DOI
Manuel Kuhn, Anna Gerlicher, Tina B. Lonsdorf

et al.

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59(9)

Published: April 2, 2022

Raw data are typically required to be processed ready for statistical analyses, and processing pipelines often characterized by substantial heterogeneity. Here, we applied seven different approaches (trough-to-peak scoring two raters, script-based baseline correction, Ledalab as well four models implemented in the software PsPM) fear conditioning sets. Selection of included was guided a systematic literature search using research case example. Our approach can viewed set robustness analyses (i.e., same subjected pipelines) aiming investigate if what extent these quantification yield comparable results given data. To our knowledge, no formal framework evaluation exists date, but may borrow some criteria from suggested "replicability" general. SCR sets with paradigms suggest that there single consistently yields larger effect sizes could universally considered "best." Yet, at least employed show consistent within each indicating comparability. Finally, highlight heterogeneity also most discuss implications potential remedies.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Multiverse analyses in fear conditioning research DOI
Tina B. Lonsdorf, Anna Gerlicher, Maren Klingelhöfer-Jens

et al.

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 104072 - 104072

Published: March 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Measuring human trace fear conditioning DOI Creative Commons
Jelena Wehrli, Yanfang Xia, Samuel Gerster

et al.

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59(12)

Published: June 8, 2022

Abstract Trace fear conditioning is an important research paradigm to model aversive learning in biological or clinical scenarios, where predictors (conditioned stimuli, CS) and outcomes (unconditioned US) are separated time. The optimal measurement of human trace conditioning, particular memory retention after consolidation, currently unclear. We conducted two identical experiments ( N 1 = 28, 2 28) with a 15‐s interval recall test week acquisition, while recording several psychophysiological observables. In calibration approach, we explored which measures distinguished CS+ CS− the first experiment confirmed most sensitive second experiment. found that without reinforcement, only fear‐potentiated startle but not skin conductance, pupil size, heart period, respiration amplitude, differentiated CS−. During acquisition probes, conductance responses size period amplitude As side finding, there was no evidence for extinction over 30 trials reinforcement. These results may be useful inform future substantive using protocols.

Language: Английский

Citations

28