Expanded diversity of Asgard archaea and their relationships with eukaryotes

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 593(7860), P. 553 - 557

Published: April 28, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Inference and reconstruction of the heimdallarchaeial ancestry of eukaryotes

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 618(7967), P. 992 - 999

Published: June 14, 2023

Abstract In the ongoing debates about eukaryogenesis—the series of evolutionary events leading to emergence eukaryotic cell from prokaryotic ancestors—members Asgard archaea play a key part as closest archaeal relatives eukaryotes 1 . However, nature and phylogenetic identity last common ancestor remain unresolved 2–4 Here we analyse distinct marker datasets an expanded genomic sampling evaluate competing scenarios using state-of-the-art phylogenomic approaches. We find that are placed, with high confidence, well-nested clade within sister lineage Hodarchaeales, newly proposed order Heimdallarchaeia. Using sophisticated gene tree species reconciliation approaches, show analogous evolution genomes, genome in involved significantly more duplication fewer loss compared other archaea. Finally, infer was probably thermophilic chemolithotroph which evolved adapted mesophilic conditions acquired genetic potential support heterotrophic lifestyle. Our work provides insights into prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition platform for better understanding cellular complexity cells.

Language: Английский

---

Eukaryogenesis and oxygen in Earth history

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 520 - 532

Published: April 21, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Identification of structural and regulatory cell-shape determinants in Haloferax volcanii

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract Archaea play indispensable roles in global biogeochemical cycles, yet many crucial cellular processes, including cell-shape determination, are poorly understood. Haloferax volcanii , a model haloarchaeon, forms rods and disks, depending on growth conditions. Here, we used combination of iterative proteomics, genetics, live-cell imaging to identify mutants that only form or disks. We compared the proteomes with wild-type cells across phases, thereby distinguishing between protein abundance changes specific cell shape those related phases. The results identified diverse set proteins, predicted transporters, transducers, signaling components, transcriptional regulators, as important for determination. Through phenotypic characterization deletion strains, established rod-determining factor A (RdfA) disk-determining (DdfA) required formation respectively. also structural an actin homolog plays role disk-shape morphogenesis, which named volactin. Using imaging, determined volactin’s localization showed its dynamic polymerization depolymerization. Our provide insights into archaeal possible implications understanding evolution morphology regulation domains.

Language: Английский

---

Macroevolutionary dynamics of gene family gain and loss along multicellular eukaryotic lineages

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract The gain and loss of genes fluctuate over evolutionary time in major eukaryotic clades. However, the full profile these macroevolutionary trajectories is still missing. To give a more inclusive view on changes genome complexity across tree life, here we recovered dynamics gene family ranging from ancestor cellular organisms to 352 species. We show that all considered lineages content follows common pattern, where number families reaches highest value at ecological transition, then gradually decreases towards extant organisms. This supports theoretical predictions suggests often decoupled commonly perceived organismal complexity. conclude simplification by dominant force Phanerozoic genomes various lineages, probably underpinned intense specializations functional outsourcing.

Language: Английский

---

Bridging the membrane lipid divide: bacteria of the FCB group superphylum have the potential to synthesize archaeal ether lipids

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 168 - 182

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Abstract Archaea synthesize membranes of isoprenoid lipids that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P), while Bacteria/Eukarya produce consisting fatty acids ester-bound glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). This dichotomy in membrane lipid composition (i.e., the ‘lipid divide’) is believed have arisen after Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). A leading hypothesis LUCA possessed a heterochiral ‘mixed archaeal/bacterial membrane’. However, no natural microbial representatives supporting this scenario been shown exist today. Here, we demonstrate bacteria Fibrobacteres–Chlorobi–Bacteroidetes (FCB) group superphylum encode putative archaeal pathway for ether-bound addition bacterial acid pathway. Key genes were expressed environment and their recombinant expression Escherichia coli resulted formation Genomic evidence biochemical assays suggest archaeal-like members FCB could possess either G1P or G3P stereochemistry. Our results support existence membranes’ environments stability over long period evolutionary history, thereby bridging once-thought fundamental divide biology.

Language: Английский

---

Diversity and evolution of B-family DNA polymerases

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 48(18), P. 10142 - 10156

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Abstract B-family DNA polymerases (PolBs) represent the most common replicases. PolB enzymes that require RNA (or DNA) primed templates for synthesis are found in all domains of life and many viruses. Despite extensive research on PolBs, their origins evolution remain enigmatic. Massive accumulation new genomic metagenomic data from diverse habitats as well availability structural information prompted us to conduct a comprehensive analysis sequences, structures, domain organizations, taxonomic distribution co-occurrence genomes. Based phylogenetic analysis, we identified new, widespread group bacterial PolBs more closely related catalytically active N-terminal half eukaryotic PolEpsilon (PolEpsilonN) than Escherichia coli Pol II. In Archaea, characterized six groups PolBs. Two them show close relationships with first one PolEpsilonN, second PolAlpha, PolDelta PolZeta. addition, structure comparisons suggested origin inactive C-terminal (PolEpsilonC) PolAlpha. Finally, certain archaeal discovered Zn-binding those PolAlpha PolEpsilonC. Collectively, obtained results allowed propose scenario

Language: Английский

---

Origin and Early Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell

Annual Review of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(1), P. 631 - 647

Published: Aug. 3, 2021

The origin of eukaryotes has been defined as the major evolutionary transition since life itself. Most hallmark traits eukaryotes, such their intricate intracellular organization, can be traced back to a putative common ancestor that predated broad diversity extant eukaryotes. However, little is known about nature and relative order events occurred in path from preexisting prokaryotes this already sophisticated ancestor. mitochondria endosymbiosis an alphaproteobacterium one few robustly established which most hypotheses on are anchored, but debate still open regarding time acquisition, host, ecological metabolic interactions between symbiotic partners. After acquisition mitochondria, underwent fast radiation into several clades whose phylogenetic relationships have largely elusive. Recent progress comparative analyses growing number genomes shedding light early eukaryotic evolution well root branching patterns tree Here I discuss current knowledge debates focus particularly how phylogenomic challenged some assumptions evolution, including widespread idea mitochondrial symbiosis archaeal host was earliest event eukaryogenesis.

Language: Английский

---

Unique mobile elements and scalable gene flow at the prokaryote–eukaryote boundary revealed by circularized Asgard archaea genomes

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 200 - 212

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Eukaryotic genomes are known to have garnered innovations from both archaeal and bacterial domains but the sequence of events that led complex gene repertoire eukaryotes is largely unresolved. Here, through enrichment hydrothermal vent microorganisms, we recovered two circularized Heimdallarchaeum species belong an Asgard archaea clade phylogenetically closest eukaryotes. These reveal diverse mobile elements, including integrative viral genome bidirectionally replicates in a circular form aloposons, transposons encode 5,000 amino acid-sized proteins Otus Ephialtes. Heimdallaechaeal elements various genes bacteria bacteriophages, likely playing role shuffling functions across domains. The number archaea- bacteria-related follow strikingly different scaling laws archaea, exhibiting size-dependent ratio functional division resembling bacteria- archaea-derived Bacterial import has thus been continuous process unaltered by eukaryogenesis scaled up expansion. Our data further highlight importance viewing pan-Asgard context, which proposal conceptual framework, is, Heimdall nucleation-decentralized innovation-hierarchical model accounts for emergence eukaryotic complexity.

Language: Английский

---

Endosymbiotic selective pressure at the origin of eukaryotic cell biology

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

The dichotomy that separates prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells runs deep. transition pro- to eukaryote evolution is poorly understood due a lack of reliable intermediate forms and definitions regarding the nature first host could no longer be considered prokaryote, common ancestor, FECA. last LECA, was complex cell united all traits characterising biology including mitochondrion. role endosymbiotic organelle in this radical towards life is, however, sometimes questioned. In particular discovery asgard archaea has stimulated discussions pre-endosymbiotic complexity Here we review differences similarities among models view as isolated coincidental events archaeal or, on contrary, result response endosymbiosis. Inspecting perspective endosymbiont uncovers can explained having evolved solution housing semi-autonomous why addition another endosymbiont, plastid, added extra compartments. Mitochondria provided selective pressures for origin (and continued maintenance) complexity. Moreover, they also energetic benefit throughout eukaryogenesis evolving thousands gene families unique eukaryotes. Hence, synthesis current data lets us conclude such Golgi apparatus, nucleus, autophagosomes, meiosis sex an imposes.

Language: Английский

---