Recent developments in Aspergillus fumigatus research: diversity, drugs, and disease

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

SUMMARY Advances in modern medical therapies for many previously intractable human diseases have improved patient outcomes. However, successful disease treatment outcomes are often prevented due to invasive fungal infections caused by the environmental mold Aspergillus fumigatus . As contemporary antifungal not experienced same robust advances as other therapies, defining mechanisms of A. initiation and progression remains a critical research priority. To this end, World Health Organization recently identified priority pathogen Centers Disease Control has highlighted emergence triazole-resistant isolates. The expansion diversity host populations susceptible aspergillosis complex dynamic genotypic phenotypic call reinvigorated assessment pathobiological drug-susceptibility mechanisms. Here, we summarize recent advancements field discuss challenges our understanding heterogeneity its pathogenesis diverse populations.

Language: Английский

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Plastic pollution and fungal, protozoan, and helminth pathogens – A neglected environmental and public health issue?

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 882, P. 163093 - 163093

Published: March 28, 2023

Plastic waste is ubiquitous in the environment and can become colonised by distinct microbial biofilm communities, known collectively as 'plastisphere.' The plastisphere facilitate increased survival dissemination of human pathogenic prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria); however, our understanding potential for plastics to harbour disseminate eukaryotic pathogens lacking. Eukaryotic microorganisms are abundant natural environments represent some most important disease-causing agents, responsible tens millions infections, deaths worldwide. While prokaryotic communities terrestrial, freshwater, marine relatively well characterised, such biofilms will also contain species. Here, we critically review fungal, protozoan, helminth associate with plastisphere, consider regulation mechanisms this interaction. As volume continues rise there an urgent need understand role survival, virulence, dissemination, transfer pathogens, effect have on environmental health.

Language: Английский

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Candida diagnostic techniques: a review

Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 360 - 377

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract Fungal infections (mycoses) represent a major health issue in humans. They have emerged as global concern for medical professionals by causing high morbidity and mortality. approximately impact one billion individuals per annum account 1.6 million deaths. The diagnosis of Candida is challenging task. Laboratory-based species identification techniques (molecular, commercial, conventional) been reviewed summarized. This review aims to discuss the mycoses history, taxonomy, pathogenicity, virulence characteristics.

Language: Английский

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A Membrane‐Targeted Photosensitizer Prevents Drug Resistance and Induces Immune Response in Treating Candidiasis

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(35)

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Abstract Candida albicans ( C. ), a ubiquitous polymorphic fungus in humans, causes different types of candidiasis, including oral candidiasis (OC) and vulvovaginal (VVC), which are physically mentally concerning financially costly. Thus, developing alternative antifungals that prevent drug resistance induce immunity to eliminate biofilms is crucial. Herein, novel membrane‐targeted aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS), TBTCP‐QY, developed for highly efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) candidiasis. TBTCP‐QY has high molar absorption coefficient an excellent ability generate 1 O 2 •OH, entering the interior due its permeability. Furthermore, can efficiently inhibit biofilm formation by suppressing expression genes related adhesion ALS3 , EAP1 HWP1 invasion SAP1 SAP2 MDR1 ) also advantageous eliminating potential fungal treat clinical infectious diseases. TBTCP‐QY‐mediated PDT targets OC VVC vivo mouse model, induces immune response, relieves inflammation, accelerates healing mucosal defects combat infections caused clinically isolated fluconazole‐resistant strains. Moreover, demonstrates biocompatibility, suggesting applications treatment VVC.

Language: Английский

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Genomic and ecological factors shaping specialism and generalism across an entire subphylum

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 22, 2023

Organisms exhibit extensive variation in ecological niche breadth, from very narrow (specialists) to broad (generalists). Paradigms proposed explain this either invoke trade-offs between performance efficiency and breadth or underlying intrinsic extrinsic factors. We assembled genomic (1,154 yeast strains 1,049 species), metabolic (quantitative measures of growth 843 species 24 conditions), (environmental ontology 1,088 species) data nearly all known the ancient fungal subphylum Saccharomycotina examine evolution. found large interspecific differences carbon stem genes encoding specific pathways but no evidence a limited role These comprehensive argue that factors driving microbial variation.

Language: Английский

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Trends in the Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients without HIV Infection

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 812 - 812

Published: July 31, 2023

The increasing morbidity and mortality of life-threatening

Language: Английский

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Fungal thermotolerance revisited and why climate change is unlikely to be supercharging pathogenic fungi (yet)

Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128(1), P. 1638 - 1641

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Thermotolerance has been viewed as an uncommon characteristic among the fungi and one of reasons that less than 1% described species operate opportunistic pathogens humans. Growth at 37°C is certainly a requirement for fungus invades body core, but tens thousands nonpathogenic are also able to grow this temperature. Ergo, temperature does not serve thermal barrier development infections by many harmless fungi. The absence other virulence factors must be more demanding. This observation raises questions about hypothetical links between climate change increasing number life-threatening human mycoses. Given widespread distribution fungal thermotolerance 1°C (2°F) increase in global over last 140 years it seems unlikely warming driven evolution virulent strains More compelling explanations changes behavior disease agents include their adaptation widening use azole antifungals hospitals wholesale application millions tons same class heterocyclic chemicals agriculture. On hand, having significant effect on spread mycoses extending geographical range pathogenic A related asthma caused spore inhalation another likely consequence planetary change.

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms that govern infection and antifungal resistance in Mucorales

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: March 6, 2024

SUMMARY The World Health Organization has established a fungal priority pathogens list that includes species critical or highly important to human health. Among them is the order Mucorales, group comprising at least 39 responsible for life-threatening infection known as mucormycosis. Despite continuous rise in cases and poor prognosis due innate resistance most antifungal drugs used clinic, Mucorales received limited attention, partly because of difficulties performing genetic manipulations. COVID-19 pandemic further escalated cases, with some patients experiencing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, highlighting urgent need increase knowledge about these fungi. This review addresses significant challenges treating disease, including delayed diagnosis, lack accurate global incidence estimation, treatment options. Furthermore, it focuses on recent discoveries regarding mechanisms genes involved development resistance, host defense response. Substantial advancements have been made identifying key invasion tissue damage, receptors exploited by fungus invade tissues, resistance. expected pave way new antifungals combat In addition, we anticipate progress characterizing biology, particularly pathogenesis possibilities offered CRISPR-Cas9 technology manipulation previously intractable species.

Language: Английский

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Humans vs. Fungi: An Overview of Fungal Pathogens against Humans

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 426 - 426

Published: May 17, 2024

Human fungal diseases are infections caused by any fungus that invades human tissues, causing superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic diseases. Fungal enter various tissues and organs pose a significant threat to millions of individuals with weakened immune systems globally. Over recent decades, the reported cases invasive have increased substantially research progress in this field has also been rapidly boosted. This review provides comprehensive list pathogens extracted from over 850 case reports, summary relevant disease conditions their origins. Details 281 belonging 12 classes 104 genera divisions ascomycota, basidiomycota, entomophthoromycota, mucoromycota listed. Among these, Aspergillus stands out as genus greatest potential infecting humans, comprising 16 species known infect humans. Additionally, three other genera, Curvularia, Exophiala, Trichophyton, recognized each 10 more pathogenic species. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) was performed show relationships clarify taxonomies. In addition, summarizes advancements diagnosis therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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The epithelial cell types and their multi-phased defenses against fungi and other pathogens

Clinica Chimica Acta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 563, P. 119889 - 119889

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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