Mycopathologia,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
188(5), P. 667 - 681
Published: April 26, 2023
Abstract
Despite
improvements
in
treatment
and
diagnostics
over
the
last
two
decades,
invasive
aspergillosis
(IA)
remains
a
devastating
fungal
disease.
The
number
of
immunocompromised
patients
hence
vulnerable
hosts
increases,
which
is
paralleled
by
emergence
rise
IA
cases.
Increased
frequencies
azole-resistant
strains
are
reported
from
six
continents,
presenting
new
challenge
for
therapeutic
management.
Treatment
options
currently
consist
three
classes
antifungals
(azoles,
polyenes,
echinocandins)
with
distinctive
advantages
shortcomings.
Especially
settings
difficult
to
treat
IA,
comprising
drug
tolerance/resistance,
limiting
drug–drug
interactions,
and/or
severe
underlying
organ
dysfunction,
novel
approaches
urgently
needed.
Promising
drugs
late-stage
clinical
development,
including
olorofim
(a
dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase
inhibitor),
fosmanogepix
Gwt1
enzyme
ibrexafungerp
triterpenoid),
opelconazole
(an
azole
optimized
inhalation)
rezafungin
echinocandin
long
half-life
time).
Further,
insights
pathophysiology
yielding
immunotherapy
as
potential
add-on
therapy.
Current
investigations
show
encouraging
results,
so
far
mostly
preclinical
settings.
In
this
review
we
discuss
current
strategies,
give
an
outlook
on
possible
pharmaceutical
options,
and,
lastly,
provide
overview
ongoing
research
IA.
The Lancet Microbe,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4(6), P. e470 - e480
Published: April 27, 2023
Candida
parapsilosis
is
one
of
the
most
commen
causes
life-threatening
candidaemia,
particularly
in
premature
neonates,
individuals
with
cancer
haematopoietic
system,
and
recipients
organ
transplants.
Historically,
drug-susceptible
strains
have
been
linked
to
clonal
outbreaks.
However,
worldwide
studies
started
since
2018
reported
severe
outbreaks
among
adults
caused
by
fluconazole-resistant
strains.
Outbreaks
are
associated
high
mortality
rates
can
persist
despite
strict
infection
control
strategies.
The
emergence
resistance
threatens
efficacy
azoles,
which
widely
used
class
antifungals
only
available
oral
treatment
option
for
candidaemia.
fact
that
patients
infected
azole-naive
underscores
potential
adaptability
diverse
hosts,
environmental
niches,
reservoirs.
Another
concern
multidrug-resistant
echinocandin-tolerant
C
isolates,
emerged
2020.
Raising
awareness,
establishing
effective
clinical
interventions,
understanding
biology
pathogenesis
urgently
needed
improve
strategies
outcomes.
Infectious Diseases of Poverty,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: March 17, 2023
Abstract
Background
Emerging
fungal
pathogens
pose
important
threats
to
global
public
health.
The
World
Health
Organization
has
responded
the
rising
threat
of
traditionally
neglected
infections
by
developing
a
Fungal
Priority
Pathogens
List
(FPPL).
Taking
highest-ranked
pathogen
in
FPPL,
Cryptococcus
neoformans
,
as
paradigm,
we
review
progress
made
over
past
two
decades
on
its
burden,
clinical
manifestation
and
management
cryptococcal
infection,
antifungal
resistance.
purpose
this
is
drive
research
efforts
improve
future
diagnoses,
therapies,
interventions
associated
with
infections.
Methods
We
first
reviewed
trends
burden
HIV-associated
mainly
based
series
systematic
studies.
next
conducted
scoping
reviews
accordance
guidelines
described
Preferred
Reporting
Items
for
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-analyses
extension
Scoping
using
PubMed
ScienceDirect
keyword
identify
case
reports
published
since
2000.
then
recent
updates
diagnosis
treatment
Finally,
summarized
knowledge
regarding
resistance
tolerance
C.
approved
drugs.
Results
There
been
general
reduction
estimated
meningitis
2009,
probably
due
improvements
highly
active
antiretroviral
therapies.
However,
still
accounts
19%
AIDS-related
deaths
annually.
incidences
CM
Europe
North
America
Latin
region
have
increased
approximately
two-fold
while
other
regions
showed
either
reduced
or
stable
numbers
cases.
Unfortunately,
diagnostic
options
are
limited,
emerging
exacerbates
health
burden.
Conclusion
compounded
accumulating
evidence
ability
infect
immunocompetent
individuals
emergence
antifungal-resistant
variants.
Emphasis
should
be
placed
further
understanding
mechanisms
pathogenicity
tolerance.
development
novel
strategies
through
identification
new
drug
targets
discovery
optimization
existing
diagnostics
therapeutics
key
reducing
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
36(1)
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
Talaromycosis
is
an
invasive
mycosis
endemic
in
tropical
and
subtropical
Asia
caused
by
the
pathogenic
fungus
Talaromyces
marneffei.
Approximately
17,300
cases
of
T.
marneffei
infection
are
diagnosed
annually,
reported
mortality
rate
extremely
high
(~1/3).
Despite
devastating
impact
talaromycosis
on
immunocompromised
individuals,
particularly
HIV-positive
persons,
increase
occurrences
HIV-uninfected
diagnostic
therapeutic
approaches
for
have
received
far
too
little
attention
worldwide.
In
2021,
scientists
living
countries
where
raised
a
global
demand
it
to
be
recognized
as
neglected
disease.
Therefore,
Emerging infectious diseases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(1), P. 8 - 19
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Abstract
We
performed
a
case–control
study
across
25
hospitals
in
India
for
the
period
of
January–June
2021
to
evaluate
reasons
an
COVID-19–associated
mucormycosis
(CAM)
outbreak.
investigated
whether
COVID-19
treatment
practices
(glucocorticoids,
zinc,
tocilizumab,
and
others)
were
associated
with
CAM.
included
1,733
cases
CAM
3,911
age-matched
controls.
found
cumulative
glucocorticoid
dose
(odds
ratio
[OR]
1.006,
95%
CI
1.004–1.007)
zinc
supplementation
(OR
2.76,
2.24–3.40),
along
elevated
C-reactive
protein
1.004,
1.002–1.006),
host
factors
(renal
transplantation
[OR
7.58,
3.31–17.40],
diabetes
mellitus
6.72,
5.45–8.28],
diabetic
ketoacidosis
during
4.41,
2.03–9.60]),
rural
residence
2.88,
2.12–3.79),
significantly
Mortality
rate
at
12
weeks
was
32.2%
(473/1,471).
emphasize
judicious
use
therapies
optimal
glycemic
control
prevent
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
196, P. 114775 - 114775
Published: March 15, 2023
Invasive
fungal
infection
is
an
under
recognized
and
emerging
global
health
threat.
Recently,
the
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
released
first
ever
list
of
health-threatening
fungi
to
guide
research
public
interventions
strengthen
response
infections
antifungal
resistance.
Currently,
drugs
only
demonstrate
partial
success
in
improving
prognosis
infected
patients,
this
compounded
by
rapid
evolution
drug
resistance
among
species.
The
increased
prevalence
individuals
with
underlying
immunological
deficiencies
reflects
importance
intact
host
immune
system
controlling
mycoses,
further
highlights
immunomodulation
as
a
potential
new
avenue
for
treatment
disseminated
diseases.
In
review,
we
will
summarize
how
innate
cells
sense
invading
through
their
pattern
recognition
receptors,
subsequently
initiate
series
effector
mechanisms
adaptive
responses
mediate
clearance.
addition,
discuss
preclinical
clinical
data
on
immunotherapies
vaccines
which
can
potentially
expand
our
armamentarium
future.
