Deviating from the norm: Nuclear organisation in trypanosomes DOI Creative Commons
Mark C. Field

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 102234 - 102234

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

At first glance the nucleus is a highly conserved organelle. Overall nuclear morphology, octagonal pore complex, presence of peripheral heterochromatin and envelope appear near constant features right down to ultrastructural level. New work revealing significant compositional divergence within these structures their associated functions, likely reflecting adaptations distinct mechanisms between eukaryotic lineages especially trypanosomatids. While many examples mechanistic currently lack obvious functional interpretations, studies underscore malleability architecture. I will discuss some recent findings highlighting facets trypanosomes, together with underlying evolutionary framework make call for exploration function in non-canonical experimental organisms.

Language: Английский

Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere DOI Creative Commons
Eugene V. Koonin, Jens H. Kuhn, Valerian V. Dolja

et al.

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Nearly all organisms are hosts to multiple viruses that collectively appear be the most abundant biological entities in biosphere. With recent advances metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, known diversity of substantially expanded. Comparative analysis these using advanced computational methods culminated reconstruction evolution major groups enabled construction a virus megataxonomy, which has been formally adopted by International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses. This comprehensive taxonomy consists six realms, aspired monophyletic assembled based conservation hallmark proteins involved capsid structure formation or genome replication. The different taxa differ host range accordingly ecological niches. In this review article, we outline latest developments megataxonomy discoveries will likely lead reassessment some taxa, particular, split three current realms into two more independent realms. We then discuss correspondence between distribution among niches, as well abundance versus cells habitats. across environments appears primarily determined ranges, i.e. virome is shaped composition biome given habitat, itself affected abiotic factors.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
The immune modules conserved across the tree of life: Towards a definition of ancestral immunity DOI Creative Commons
Aude Bernheim, Jean Cury, Enzo Z. Poirier

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. e3002717 - e3002717

Published: July 15, 2024

Immune defence mechanisms exist across the tree of life in such diversity that prokaryotic antiviral responses have historically been considered unrelated to eukaryotic immunity. Mechanisms divergent eukaryotes were similarly believed be largely clade specific. However, recent data indicate a subset modules (domains and proteins) from prokaryote systems are conserved populate many stages innate immune pathways. In this Essay, we propose notion ancestral immunity, which corresponds set between prokaryotes eukaryotes. After offering typology speculate on selective pressures could led differential conservation specific domains life. The exploration immunity is its infancy appears full promises illuminate evolution, also identify decipher economic, ecological, therapeutic importance.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
The Last Universal Common Ancestor of Ribosome-Encoding Organisms: Portrait of LUCA DOI
Patrick Forterre

Journal of Molecular Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 92(5), P. 550 - 583

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
The Sphinx and the egg: Evolutionary enigmas of the (glyco)sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway DOI
Assaf Biran, Tânia C.B. Santos, Tamir Dingjan

et al.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1869(3), P. 159462 - 159462

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Viperin immunity evolved across the tree of life through serial innovations on a conserved scaffold DOI
Helena Shomar, Héloïse Georjon, Yanlei Feng

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 1667 - 1679

Published: July 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
DNA methylation enables recurrent endogenization of giant viruses in an animal relative DOI Creative Commons
Luke A. Sarre, Iana V. Kim, Vladimir Ovchinnikov

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(28)

Published: July 12, 2024

5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is a widespread silencing mechanism that controls genomic parasites. In eukaryotes, 5mC has gained complex roles in gene regulation beyond parasite control, yet also been lost many lineages. The causes for retention and its consequences are still poorly understood. Here, we show the protist closely related to animals Amoebidium appalachense features both transposon body methylation, pattern reminiscent of invertebrates plants. Unexpectedly, hypermethylated regions derive from viral insertions, including hundreds endogenized giant viruses, contributing 14% proteome. Using combination inhibitors assays, demonstrate silences these virus insertions. Moreover, alternative isolates polymorphic highlighting dynamic process infection, endogenization, purging. Our results indicate critical controlled coexistence newly acquired DNA into eukaryotic genomes, making unique model understand hybrid origins DNA.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
DNA methylation enables recurrent endogenization of giant viruses in an animal relative DOI Creative Commons
Luke A. Sarre, Iana V. Kim, Vladimir Ovchinnikov

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a widespread silencing mechanism that controls genomic parasites. However, in many eukaryotes 5mC has gained complex roles gene regulation beyond parasite control. Animals are quintessential case for evolution, as they show variability across lineages, ranging from and transposable element control to loss of this base modification. Here we the protist closely related animals Amoebidium appalachense features both transposon body methylation, pattern reminiscent invertebrates plants. Unexpectedly, large hypermethylated regions genome derive viral insertions, including hundreds endogenized giant viruses contributing 14% encoded genes, an extent never reported before any eukaryotic genome. Using combination inhibitors functional assays, demonstrate silences these virus insertions. Moreover, alternative isolates polymorphic highlighting dynamic process infection, endogenization purging. Our results indicate critical controlled co-existence newly acquired DNA into genomes, making unique model understand hybrid origins genomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
The polinton-like supergroup of viruses: evolution, molecular biology, and taxonomy DOI
Eugene V. Koonin, Matthias Fischer, Jens H. Kuhn

et al.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(3)

Published: July 18, 2024

SUMMARYPolintons are 15-20 kb-long self-synthesizing transposons that widespread in eukaryotic, and particular protist, genomes. Apart from a transposase protein-primed DNA polymerase, polintons encode homologs of major minor jelly-roll capsid proteins, DNA-packaging ATPases, proteases involved maturation diverse eukaryotic viruses kingdom

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Gene duplication as a major force driving the genome expansion in some giant viruses DOI
Talita Bastos Machado, Agnello Picorelli, Bruna Luiza de Azevedo

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(12)

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

ABSTRACT Giant viruses with their gigantic genomes are among the most intriguing components of virosphere. How these attained such giant remains unclear, despite considerable efforts to understand this phenomenon. Here, we describe discovery cedratvirus pambiensis, an amoebal virus isolated in Brazil. Although virion morphology and replication cycle c. pambiensis very similar those described for other cedratviruses, whole genome sequencing revealed largest ever described, 623,564 base pairs 842 predicted protein-coding genes (among them, 76 ORFans). Genome analysis has unprecedented number paralogous genes, ~73% being composed two or more copies. Large families functionally diverse included up >70 copies were distributed across genome. The in-depth investigation mechanisms origins gene duplications that both tandem-like distal transfer syntenic blocks contributed genomic expansion. Finally, a comprehensive from all known suggested duplication is one key underlying gigantism phylum Nucleocytoviricota . expansion viral through successive followed by subfunctionalization exaptation may promote adaptation variety niches. IMPORTANCE noteworthy not only due enormous particles but also because genomes. In context, fundamental question persisted: how did evolve? Here present featuring cedratvirus. Our data suggest larger size can be attributed duplicated genes. Further phenomenon illuminated as evolutionary mechanism driving viruses. been recurrent event cellular organisms, our highlights its potential pivotal evolution

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Plant virus movement proteins originated from jelly-roll capsid proteins DOI Creative Commons
Anamarija Butković, Valerian V. Dolja, Eugene V. Koonin

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. e3002157 - e3002157

Published: June 15, 2023

Numerous, diverse plant viruses encode movement proteins (MPs) that aid the virus through plasmodesmata, intercellular channels. MPs are essential for spread and propagation in distal tissues, several unrelated have been identified. The 30K superfamily of (named after molecular mass tobacco mosaic MP, classical model virology) is largest most MP variety, represented 16 families, but its evolutionary origin remained obscure. Here, we show core structural domain homologous to jelly-roll capsid (CPs) small RNA DNA viruses, particular, those infecting plants. closest similarity was observed between CPs families Bromoviridae Geminiviridae . We hypothesize evolved via duplication or horizontal acquisition CP gene a infected an ancestor vascular plants, followed by neofunctionalization one paralogous CPs, potentially unique N- C-terminal regions. During subsequent coevolution with diversifying genes underwent explosive among emergent likely permitting insects fungi coinfected plants expand their host ranges, molding contemporary virome.

Language: Английский

Citations

13