Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
MicroRNA‑regulated
gene
expression
plays
an
important
role
in
autoimmune
diseases,
such
as
multiple
sclerosis
(MS).
This
study
investigated
the
patterns
of
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
MS
brain
tissues
using
animal
experimental
encephalomyelitis
(EAE)
model
treated
with
Hypericum
perforatum
(HP)
oil.
C57BL/6
J
mice
were
divided
into
two
groups:
and
control.
The
group
was
subdivided
sham
(MS)
MS+HP.
After
EAE
induction
treatment
protocol,
miRNA
profiles
determined
samples
groups.
array
data
identified
eleven
miRNAs
candidate
validation
performed
by
RT‑qPCR.
A
literature
review
validated
found
that
six
(miR‑200a‑3p,
miR‑200b‑3p,
miR‑200c‑3p,
miR‑182‑5p,
miR‑183‑5p,
miR‑1298‑5p)
directly
associated
MS.
These
have
been
suggested
biomarkers
because
they
are
highly
correlated
pathology
disease.
Furthermore,
analysis
five
(miR‑299a‑5p,
miR‑206‑3p,
miR‑325‑5p,
miR‑10b‑5p,
miR‑429‑3p)
likely
to
be
pathogenesis,
which
could
helpful
diagnosis
research
offers
vital
insights
utilized
creating
advancing
treatments
for
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Untargeted
metabolomics
is
frequently
performed
on
human
fecal
samples
in
conjunction
with
sequencing
to
unravel
the
gut
microbiome
functionality.
As
sample
collection
efforts
are
rapidly
expanding,
individuals
often
collecting
specimens
at
home,
experiments
should
adapt
accommodate
safety
and
needs
of
bulk
off-site
collections
improve
high
throughput.
Here,
we
show
that
a
95%
ethanol,
safe
be
shipped
handled,
extraction
part
Matrix
Method
pipeline
recovers
comparable
amounts
metabolites
as
validated
50%
methanol
extraction,
preserving
metabolic
profile
differences
between
investigated
subjects.
Additionally,
metabolome
remains
relatively
stable
when
stored
ethanol
for
up
1
week
room
temperature.
Finally,
suggest
data
analysis
workflow
based
robust
centered
log
ratio
transformation,
which
removes
variance
introduced
by
possible
different
weights
concentrations,
allowing
reliable
integration-ready
untargeted
research.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: March 27, 2025
Microglia
and
astrocytes
are
the
primary
glial
cells
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
their
function
is
shaped
by
multiple
factors.
Regulation
of
CNS
glia
microbiota
have
been
reported,
although
role
specific
bacteria
has
not
identified.
We
colonized
germ-free
mice
with
type
strain
Akkermansia
muciniphila
(AmT)
a
novel
A.
BWH-H3
(Am-H3)
isolated
from
subject
sclerosis
compared
to
Bacteroides
cellulosilyticus
BWH-E5
(Bc)
healthy
control
subject.
then
investigated
effect
these
on
microglia
astrocyte
gene
expression
RNA
sequencing.
found
altered
profiles
brain
microglia,
downregulating
genes
related
antigen
presentation
cell
migration.
Furthermore,
we
observed
effects,
H3
upregulating
histone
protein
binding
associated
channel
ion
transport
genes.
Astrocyte
pathways
that
were
mono-colonization
included
upregulation
proliferation
downregulation
cytoskeletal
animals
had
effects
immune
including
elevated
splenic
γδ-T
increased
IFNγ
production
CD4
+
T
cells.
also
measured
intestinal
short
chain
fatty
acids
both
strains
produced
proprionate
while
B.
acetate,
proprionate,
isovalerate.
Taken
together,
our
study
shows
members
influence
microglial
astroyctes
which
may
be
mediated
changes
peripheral
signaling.
Mucosal Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 1, 2025
The
colonic
mucus
layer
acts
as
a
physicochemical
barrier
to
pathogen
invasion
and
habitat
for
mucus-associated
microbes.
This
mucosal
microbiome
plays
crucial
role
in
moderating
production,
maintaining
integrity,
shaping
the
host
immune
response.
However,
unchecked
mucin
foraging
may
render
vulnerable
disease.
To
better
understand
these
dynamics
layer,
it
is
essential
advance
fundamental
knowledge
on
how
commensals
bind
utilize
well
their
interactions
with
both
microbial
neighbors.
We
present
an
overview
of
approaches
surveying
bacteria
assessing
mucin-utilizing
capacity,
alongside
discussion
limitations
existing
methods.
Additionally,
we
highlight
diet
secretory
immunoglobulin
A
interact
bacterial
community
colon.
Insights
into
this
subset
can
guide
therapeutic
strategies
optimally
support
modulate
integrity.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 435 - 435
Published: April 17, 2025
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
a
well-known,
chronic
autoimmune
disorder
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
involving
demyelination
and
neurodegeneration.
Research
previously
conducted
in
area
gut
microbiome
has
highlighted
it
as
critical
contributor
to
MS
pathogenesis.
Changes
commensal
microbiota,
or
dysbiosis,
have
been
shown
affect
immune
homeostasis,
leading
elevated
levels
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
disruption
gut–brain
axis.
In
this
review,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
interactions
between
microbiota
MS,
especially
focusing
on
immunomodulatory
actions
such
influencing
T-cell
balance
control
metabolites,
e.g.,
short-chain
fatty
acids.
Various
microbial
taxa
(e.g.,
Prevotella
Faecalibacterium)
were
suggested
lay
protective
roles,
whereas
Akkermansia
muciniphila
was
associated
with
disease
aggravation.
Interventions
including
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT),
dietary
therapies
normalize
suppress
inflammation
are
proven
improve
clinical
benefits
patients.
Alterations
represent
opportunities
for
identifying
biomarkers
early
diagnosis,
progression
treatment
response
monitoring.
Further
studies
need
be
potentially
address
interplay
genetic
predispositions,
environmental
cues,
composition
get
precise
mechanisms
axis
MS.
conclusion,
plays
role
pathogenesis
offers
potential
novel
therapeutic
approaches,
providing
promising
avenue
improving
outcomes
management.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 10, 2024
Summary
Background
Gut
commensal
microbiota
has
been
identified
as
a
potential
environmental
risk
factor
for
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
and
numerous
studies
have
linked
the
microorganism
with
onset
of
MS.
However,
little
is
known
about
mechanisms
underlying
gut
microbiome
host-immune
system
interaction.
Methods
We
employed
bioinformatics
methodologies
to
identify
human
microbial-derived
peptides
by
analyzing
their
similarity
MHC
II-TCR
binding
patterns
self-antigens.
Subsequently,
we
conducted
range
in
vitro
vivo
assays
assess
encephalitogenic
these
peptides.
Findings
analyzed
304,246
genomes
103
metagenomes
collected
from
MS
cohort
731
nonredundant
analogs
myelin
oligodendrocyte
glycoprotein
peptide
35-55
(MOG
).
Of
note,
half
could
bind
II
interact
TCR
through
structural
modeling
interaction
using
fine-tuned
AlphaFold.
Among
8
selected
peptides,
(P3)
shows
ability
activate
MOG
-specific
CD4
+
T
cells
vitro.
Furthermore,
P3
capacity
induce
EAE
some
animals.
Notably,
mice
immunized
combination
develop
severe
EAE.
Additionally,
dendritic
process
present
MOG-specific
cells.
Interpretation
Our
data
suggests
involvement
-mimic
derived
molecular
trigger
pathogenesis.
findings
offer
direct
evidence
how
microbes
can
initiate
development
EAE,
suggesting
microbiome-based
therapeutic
target
inhibiting
progression
Funding
National
Natural
Science
Foundation
China
(82371350
GY)
Research
context
Evidence
before
this
study
On
July
31,
2024,
search
on
PubMed
articles
containing
phrases
“gut
sclerosis”
experimental
autoimmune
encephalomyelitis.”
This
yielded
total
630
151
articles,
respectively,
indicating
that
relationship
between
well
established.
In
contrast,
our
mimicry
encephalomyelitis”
revealed
only
two
review
papers,
highlighting
significant
gap
literature
regarding
role
connecting
dynamics
Added
value
study,
tools
screen
potentially
cross-react
autoantigen-specific
TCR.
key
include:
1)
Identification
mimics
within
employing
TCR-binding
footprint
screening
prediction
model
peptide-MHC
complexes;
2)
Microbial-derived
cells;
3)
them,
3
predicted
Akkermansia
muciniphila
moderate
mice;
4)
Dendritic
Implications
all
available
These
may
provide
