COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14876 - 14876

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Systemic inflammation index, disease severity, and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 21, 2023

Introduction An excessive systemic pro-inflammatory state increases the risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is uncertainty regarding whether specific biomarkers inflammation can enhance stratification this group. We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis to investigate an emerging biomarker derived from routine hematological parameters, index (SII), COVID-19 different severity survival status. Methods A literature search was PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, between 1 st December 15 th March 2023. Risk bias certainty evidence were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist Grades Recommendation, Assessment, Development Evaluation, respectively (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023420517). Results In 39 studies, or non-survivor status had significantly higher SII values on admission compared non-severe survivor (standard mean difference (SMD)=0.91, 95% CI 0.75 1.06, p<0.001; moderate evidence). The also associated death 10 studies reporting odds ratios (1.007, 1.001 1.014, p=0.032; very low evidence) six hazard (1.99, 1.01 3.92, p=0.047; Pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under curve for 0.71 (95% 0.67 0.75), 0.64 0.77), 0.77 0.73 0.80), respectively. meta-regression, significant correlations observed SMD albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, D-dimer. Discussion Our has shown that COVID-19. Therefore, inflammatory haematological parameters be helpful early Systematic https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO , identifier CRD42023420517.

Language: Английский

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Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have about more than 11 million deaths worldwide past 3 years. TB COVID-19 share several aspects including droplet- aerosol-borne transmissibility, lungs as primary target, some symptoms, diagnostic tools. However, these differ other their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight similarities differences between focusing on innate adaptive response induced after exposure to Mtb SARS-CoV-2 pathological pathways linking infections. Moreover, provide a brief overview of case TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding involved utmost importance for design effective therapeutic strategies vaccines both diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome dysbiosis and immune activation correlate with somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 14, 2025

Abstract Background Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, can lead to a range of physical symptoms and mental health challenges, including stress, anxiety, depression. These effects are particularly pronounced in hospitalized patients, likely due virus’s direct indirect impact on nervous system. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance gut microbiome, has been implicated immune dysfunction chronic inflammation COVID-19 patients. However, interactions between microbiome composition remain incompletely understood. Methods We investigated association symptoms, cytokine profiles, microbiota 124 collected data demographics, severity, indicators (stress, depression). profiling was performed using full-length 16 S rRNA gene sequencing evaluate microbial diversity composition. Results severity categorized as low (27.4%), moderate (29.8%), or critical (42.8%). Common included fever (66.1%) cough (55.6%), while somatic (27.3%), anxiety depressive (39%), stress (80.5%) were frequently self-reported. Elevated interleukin-6 levels severe cases highlighted systemic inflammation, reduced bacterial diversity, among women obese correlated higher disease severity. Notably, genus Mitsuokella associated increased distress, Granulicatella linked illness. Conclusions Our findings reveal significant associations status, dysbiosis results indicate potential microbiome-targeted therapies mitigate psychological complications improve recovery outcomes this population.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology meets medicine: applications of atomic force microscopy in disease

Biophysical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a scanning imaging technique able to work at the nanoscale. It uses cantilever with tip move across samples’ surface and laser measure bending, enabling assessment of interaction forces between sample creating three-dimensional visual representation its surface. AFM has been gaining notoriety in biomedical field due high-resolution images, as well ability inter- intramolecular involved pathophysiology many diseases. Here, we highlight some current applications field. First, brief overview presented. This theoretical framework then used link novel translational applications, handling broad clinical questions different areas, such infectious diseases, cardiovascular cancer, neurodegenerative Morphological nanomechanical characteristics cell height, volume, stiffness, adhesion may serve parameters tailor patient care through nanodiagnostics, individualized risk stratification, therapeutic monitoring. Despite an increasing development research cells, showing unique capabilities terms resolution, speed, accuracy, there notable need for applied settings. More provide new grounds valuable collaboration researchers healthcare professionals.

Language: Английский

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Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), Disease Severity, and Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 4584 - 4584

Published: July 10, 2023

Combined indices of different haematological cell types appear to be particularly promising for investigating the link between systemic inflammation and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis assess aggregate index (AISI), an emerging derived from neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, lymphocyte counts, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severity survival status. searched electronic databases 1st December 10th June 2023 assessed risk bias certainty evidence. In 13 studies, severe disease/death was associated significantly higher AISI values on admission vs. non-severe disease/survival (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.68, 95% CI 0.38 0.97, p < 0.001). The also five studies reporting odds ratios (4.39, 2.12 9.06, ˂ 0.001), but not three hazard (HR 1.000, 0.999 1.002, 0.39). pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under curve were 0.66 (95% 0.58 0.73), 0.78 0.73 0.83), 0.79 0.76 respectively. Our study has shown that can effectively discriminate outcome (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023438025).

Language: Английский

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Review of organ damage from COVID and Long COVID: a disease with a spectrum of pathology

Medical Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 66 - 75

Published: July 1, 2024

Long COVID, as currently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other authorities, is a symptomatic condition that has been shown to affect an estimated 10 %-30 % of non-hospitalized patients after one infection. However, COVID-19 can also cause organ damage in individuals without symptoms, who would not fall under current definition COVID. This damage, whether or not, lead various health impacts such heart attacks strokes. Given these observations, it necessary either expand COVID include recognize COVID-19-induced distinct affecting many asymptomatic infections. It important consider known adverse outcomes, including conditions cancers, be until harm thresholds are reached. Many more medical identified testing than those recognized through reported symptoms. therefore similarly while symptoms associated with there have displaying this characterization monitoring

Language: Английский

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Rising trend of symptomatic infections due to Hepatitis A virus infection in adolescent and adult age group: An observational study from a tertiary care liver institute in India

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 100653 - 100653

Published: June 21, 2024

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is the most common cause of Acute Viral (AVH) in children. It causes self-limiting illness and rarely acute liver failure. The shifting pattern HAV endemicity rendering adolescents adults vulnerable to infection.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Concurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Comparative Cohort Analysis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 111 - 111

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Co-infection with Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) in COVID-19 patients has emerged as a clinical challenge associated increased morbidity and mortality. While both infections elicit systemic inflammation, the interplay between inflammatory markers, disease severity, outcomes concurrent C. infection remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate status of hospitalized COVID-19, without co-infection, identify markers most predictive severe disease. We conducted retrospective cohort 200 adults confirmed whom 92 had laboratory-confirmed infection. Baseline demographic data, comorbidities, (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet count, albumin, derived indices such CRP-to-Albumin Ratio [CAR] Prognostic Nutritional Index [PNI]) were recorded. Clinical included ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, length stay, in-hospital Patients co-infection significantly elevated (CRP, IL-6, NLR) higher CAR, alongside lower PNI, compared those alone (p < 0.001). Inflammatory correlated strongly severity: CAR low PNI odds admission mortality Multivariate analysis identified status, independent predictors outcomes. is an intensified response worse Among evaluated robust Timely recognition use targeted anti-inflammatory supportive therapies may improve patient management. Future studies should expand on these findings optimize care guide therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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In Search for Inhibitors of Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) as Novel Agents to Fight Cancer and Chemoresistance: Current State-of-the-Art and Prospects

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is a human enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of several different carbonyl compounds to corresponding alcohols. Under physiological conditions, AKR1B10 expressed mainly in gastrointestinal tract, where it can detoxify reactive derived from dietary sources and xenobiotics. highly cancers precancerous proving be crucially implicated carcinogenesis function as prognostic indicator tumor development. Moreover, up-regulation strictly related acquired resistance known anticancer drugs. High levels this are also correlated pathogenesis noncancerous diseases, such skin pathologies COVID-19 complications. Therefore, last two decades, has attracted interest novel target for agents able fight both cancer chemoresistance, here, explored medicinal chemistry perspective.

Language: Английский

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