Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(4), P. 450 - 450
Published: March 31, 2025
The
mRNA-
and
DNA-based
“genetic”
COVID-19
vaccines
can
induce
a
broad
range
of
adverse
events
(AEs),
with
statistics
showing
significant
variation
depending
on
the
timing
data
analysis
methods
used.
Focusing
only
lipid
nanoparticle-enclosed
mRNA
(mRNA-LNP)
vaccines,
this
review
traces
evolution
statistical
conclusions
prevalence
AEs
incidents
associated
these
from
initial
underestimation
atypical,
severe
toxicities
to
recent
claims
suggesting
possible
contribution
vaccinations
excess
deaths
observed
in
many
countries
over
past
few
years.
Among
hundreds
different
listed
Pfizer’s
pharmacovigilance
survey,
present
categorizes
main
symptoms
according
organ
systems,
nearly
all
them
being
affected.
Using
US
Vaccine
Adverse
Event
Reporting
System
global
vaccination
dataset,
comparison
incidence
rates
induced
by
genetic
versus
flu
revealed
an
average
26-fold
increase
use
vaccines.
difference
is
especially
pronounced
case
‘Brighton-listed’
AEs,
which
are
also
post-COVID
conditions.
these,
increases
relative
given
as
x-fold
rises,
were
1152x,
455x,
226x,
218x,
162x,
152x,
131x
for
myocarditis,
thrombosis,
death,
myocardial
infarction,
tachycardia,
dyspnea,
hypertension,
respectively.
delineates
concept
that
be
regarded
prophylactic
immuno-gene
therapies
chronic
disabling
might
categorized
iatrogenic
orphan
diseases.
It
examines
unique
vaccine
characteristics
could
causally
related
abnormal
immune
responses
potentially
lead
complications.
These
new
insights
may
contribute
improving
safety
platform
technology
assessing
risk/benefit
balance
various
products.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 4, 2024
Abstract
Pancreatic
cancer
is
a
major
cause
of
cancer-related
death,
but
despondently,
the
outlook
and
prognosis
for
this
resistant
type
tumor
have
remained
grim
long
time.
Currently,
it
extremely
challenging
to
prevent
or
detect
early
enough
effective
treatment
because
patients
rarely
exhibit
symptoms
there
are
no
reliable
indicators
detection.
Most
advanced
spreading
that
difficult
treat,
treatments
like
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
can
only
slightly
prolong
their
life
by
few
months.
Immunotherapy
has
revolutionized
pancreatic
cancer,
yet
its
effectiveness
limited
tumor's
immunosuppressive
hard-to-reach
microenvironment.
First,
article
explains
microenvironment
highlights
wide
range
immunotherapy
options,
including
therapies
involving
oncolytic
viruses,
modified
T
cells
(T-cell
receptor
[TCR]-engineered
chimeric
antigen
[CAR]
T-cell
therapy),
CAR
natural
killer
cell
therapy,
cytokine-induced
cells,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
immunomodulators,
vaccines,
strategies
targeting
myeloid
in
context
contemporary
knowledge
future
trends.
Lastly,
discusses
main
challenges
ahead
immunotherapy.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
vaccines
offer
an
adaptable
and
scalable
platform
for
cancer
immunotherapy,
requiring
optimal
design
to
elicit
a
robust
targeted
immune
response.
Recent
advancements
in
bioinformatics
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
have
significantly
enhanced
the
design,
prediction,
optimization
of
mRNA
vaccines.
This
paper
reviews
technologies
that
streamline
vaccine
development,
from
genomic
sequencing
lipid
nanoparticle
(LNP)
formulation.
We
discuss
how
accurate
predictions
neoantigen
structures
guide
sequences
effectively
target
cells.
Furthermore,
we
examine
AI-driven
approaches
optimize
mRNA-LNP
formulations,
enhancing
delivery
stability.
These
technological
innovations
not
only
improve
but
also
enhance
pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics,
offering
promising
avenues
personalized
immunotherapy.
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. e010569 - e010569
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
application
of
messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
technology
in
antigen-based
immuno-oncology
therapies
represents
a
significant
advancement
cancer
treatment.
Cancer
vaccines
are
an
effective
combinatorial
partner
to
sensitize
the
host
immune
system
tumor
and
boost
efficacy
therapies.
Selecting
suitable
antigens
is
key
step
devising
vaccinations
amplifying
response.
Tumor
neoantigens
de
novo
epitopes
derived
from
somatic
mutations,
avoiding
T-cell
central
tolerance
self-epitopes
inducing
responses
tumors.
identification
prioritization
patient-specific
based
on
advanced
computational
algorithms
taking
advantage
profiling
with
next-generation
sequencing
considering
factors
involved
human
leukocyte
antigen
(HLA)-peptide-T-cell
receptor
(TCR)
complex
formation,
including
peptide
presentation,
HLA-peptide
affinity,
TCR
recognition.
This
review
discusses
development
clinical
mRNA
oncology,
particular
focus
recent
trials
workflows
methodologies
for
identifying
both
shared
individual
antigens.
While
this
centers
therapeutic
targeting
existing
tumors,
it
does
not
cover
preventative
vaccines.
Preclinical
experimental
validations
crucial
vaccine
development,
but
we
emphasize
approaches
that
facilitate
neoantigen
selection
design,
highlighting
their
role
advancing
development.
versatility
rapid
potential
make
ideal
platform
personalized
immunotherapy.
We
explore
various
strategies
target
identification,
tumor-associated
tumor-specific
tools
used
predict
capable
eliciting
strong
responses.
address
design
considerations
enhancing
immunogenicity
stability
vaccines,
as
well
emerging
trends
challenges
field.
comprehensive
overview
highlights
mRNA-based
underscores
ongoing
research
efforts
aimed
at
optimizing
these
improved
outcomes.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 12, 2025
The
advent
of
mRNA
vaccines,
accelerated
by
the
global
response
to
COVID-19
pandemic,
marks
a
transformative
shift
in
vaccine
technology.
In
this
article,
we
discuss
development,
current
applications,
and
prospects
vaccines
for
both
prevention
treatment
infectious
diseases
oncology.
By
leveraging
capacity
encode
antigens
within
host
cells
directly,
provide
versatile
scalable
platform
suitable
addressing
broad
spectrum
pathogens
tumor-specific
antigens.
We
highlight
recent
advancements
design,
innovative
delivery
mechanisms,
ongoing
clinical
trials,
with
particular
emphasis
on
their
efficacy
combating
diseases,
such
as
COVID-19,
Zika,
influenza,
well
emerging
potential
cancer
immunotherapy.
also
address
critical
challenges,
including
stability,
optimization
immune
responses,
broader
issue
accessibility.
Finally,
review
strategies
advancing
next-generation
aim
overcoming
limitations
technology
enhancing
preventive
therapeutic
approaches
oncological
diseases.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Nov. 14, 2024
Abstract
In
the
last
decade,
messenger
ribonucleic
acid
(mRNA)-based
drugs
have
gained
great
interest
in
both
immunotherapy
and
non-immunogenic
applications.
This
surge
can
be
largely
attributed
to
demonstration
of
distinct
advantages
offered
by
various
mRNA
molecules,
alongside
rapid
advancements
nucleic
delivery
systems.
It
is
noteworthy
that
immunogenicity
presents
a
double-edged
sword.
context
immunotherapy,
extra
supplementation
adjuvant
generally
required
for
induction
robust
immune
responses.
Conversely,
non-immunotherapeutic
scenarios,
activation
unwanted
considering
host
tolerability
high
expression
demand
mRNA-encoded
functional
proteins.
Herein,
mainly
focused
on
linear
non-replicating
mRNA,
we
overview
preclinical
clinical
progress
prospects
medicines
encompassing
vaccines
other
therapeutics.
We
also
highlight
importance
focusing
host-specific
variations,
including
age,
gender,
pathological
condition,
concurrent
medication
individual
patient,
maximized
efficacy
safety
upon
administration.
Furthermore,
deliberate
potential
challenges
may
encounter
realm
disease
treatment,
current
endeavors
improvement,
as
well
application
future
advancements.
Overall,
this
review
aims
present
comprehensive
understanding
mRNA-based
therapies
while
illuminating
prospective
development
drugs.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(22), P. 12284 - 12284
Published: Nov. 15, 2024
RNA
therapeutics
have
undergone
remarkable
evolution
since
their
inception
in
the
late
1970s,
revolutionizing
medicine
by
offering
new
possibilities
for
treating
previously
intractable
diseases.
The
field
encompasses
various
modalities,
including
antisense
oligonucleotides
(ASOs),
small
interfering
RNAs
(siRNAs),
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
and
messenger
(mRNAs),
each
with
unique
mechanisms
applications.
foundation
was
laid
1978
discovery
that
synthetic
could
inhibit
viral
replication,
followed
pivotal
developments
such
as
interference's
1998.
COVID-19
pandemic
marked
a
crucial
turning
point,
demonstrating
potential
of
mRNA
vaccines
accelerating
interest
RNA-based
approaches.
However,
significant
challenges
remain,
stability
issues,
delivery
to
target
tissues,
off-target
effects,
immunogenicity
concerns.
Recent
advancements
chemical
modifications,
systems,
integration
AI
technologies
are
addressing
these
challenges.
has
seen
notable
successes,
approved
treatments
spinal
muscular
atrophy
hereditary
transthyretin-mediated
amyloidosis.
Looking
ahead,
show
promise
personalized
approaches,
particularly
genetic
disorders
cancer.
continued
this
field,
driven
technological
innovations
deeper
understanding
biology,
suggests
transformative
impact
on
future
medical
treatments.
purpose
review
is
provide
comprehensive
overview
evolution,
current
state,
prospects
therapeutics.
