Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(11), P. 1515 - 1545

Published: May 23, 2024

People living with HIV have a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Despite treatment highly effective antiretroviral therapy, people chronic inflammation that makes them susceptible multiple comorbidities. Several factors, including the reservoir, coinfections, clonal hematopoiesis indeterminate potential (CHIP), microbial translocation, and may contribute state inflammation. Within innate immune system, macrophages harbor latent are among prominent cells present in atheroma during progression atherosclerosis. They secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-6 tumor necrosis-α stimulate expression adhesion molecules on endothelium. This leads recruitment other cells, cluster differentiation (CD)8

Language: Английский

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A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3659 - 3659

Published: March 25, 2024

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection a fatal illness into manageable chronic disorder. However, presence of latent reservoirs, multifaceted nature HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict efficacy current cART targeting distinct stages life cycle. Therefore, there unmet need for discovery new therapeutics that not only bypass limitations but also protect body’s at same time. The main goal complete eradication purging latently infected cells patients’ bodies. A potential strategy called “lock-in apoptosis” targets budding phase cycle leads susceptibility apoptosis elimination reservoirs and, ultimately, eradication. work intends present advantages disadvantages United States Food Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well plausible strategies design development more compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, improved safety issues.

Language: Английский

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Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 267 - 285

Published: July 23, 2024

The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, thereby shaping the course in various ways. Advances medicine, science, health practices have played a pivotal role mitigating effects over time. This review explores scientific landscape contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse complex nature. It goes beyond biological aspects to consider socioeconomic, environmental, technological factors. Through lens, this study aims understand complexities contribute expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global threats. By elucidating enigmas hopes foster more resilient prepared environment. Highlighting importance multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary approach, exploration emphasizes critical need integrate biological, domains develop robust these challenges.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic behaviors of a stochastic virus infection model with Beddington–DeAngelis incidence function, eclipse-stage and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process

Mathematical Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 369, P. 109154 - 109154

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(2)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

SUMMARY Viral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity disease, vertical transmission. The placenta the organ maternal-fetal interface provides defense against microbial infection while supporting semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, rubella breach these defenses, directly infecting having long-lasting consequences. Even without direct placental infection, other including respiratory viruses like influenza severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2, still cause damage inflammation. Concentrations progesterone estrogens rise contribute to immunological adaptations, placentation, development play pivotal role in creating environment at interface. Animal models, mice, nonhuman primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, instrumental for mechanistic insights into pathogenesis viral identification targetable treatments improve health outcomes pregnant individuals offspring.

Language: Английский

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A Review on FDA Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection a fatal illness into manageable chronic disorder. However, presence of latent reservoirs, multifaceted nature HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict efficacy current cART targeting distinct stages life cycle. Therefore, there unmet need for discovery new therapeutics that not only bypass limitations but also protect body at same time. The main goal complete eradication purging latently infected cells patients’ bodies. A potential strategy called “lock-in apoptosis” budding phase cycle leading susceptibility apoptosis elimination reservoirs ultimately eradication. work intends present advantages disadvantages United States Food Drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well plausible strategies design development more compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, improved safety issues.

Language: Английский

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Cancer risk in people living with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 933 - 944

Published: June 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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CD4-mediated immunity shapes neutrophil-driven tuberculous pathology

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2024

Summary Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection results in highly heterogeneous lesions ranging from granulomas with central necrosis to those primarily comprised of alveolitis. While alveolitis has been associated prior immunity human post-mortem studies, the drivers these distinct pathologic outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we show that divergent lesion structures can be modeled C3HeB/FeJ mice and regulated by immunity. Using quantitative imaging, scRNAseq, flow cytometry, demonstrate Mtb absence elicits dysregulated neutrophil recruitment necrotic granulomas. In contrast, induces rapid activation T cells, local macrophage activation, diminished late responses. Depletion studies at stages demonstrated neutrophils required for early initiation propagation chronic stages, whereas CD4 cell responses prevent feedforward circuits necrosis. Together, reveal fundamental determinants structure pathogenesis, which have important implications new strategies or treat tuberculosis.

Language: Английский

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HIV-infection in the Russian Federation: current diagnostic trends

HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 45 - 59

Published: April 19, 2024

The aim of the study: to analyse diagnostic trends HIV-infection in Russian Federation period 2017–2022. Materials and methods. study used data obtained from reports Federal Register persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (FRHIV). circumstances HIV diagnosis clinical epidemiological characteristics newly diagnosed patients, including CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, were analysed. A likely time window between presumed infection confirmation was also determined. Categorical evaluated presented as proportions caparisoned using chi-square test (χ2). In case multiple comparisons, Bonferroni correction for multiplicity used. Quantitative tested normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. most cases, nonparametric distributions — median interquartile range applied, well Mann-Whitney criteria comparison two independent groups Kraskell-Wallis more than groups, followed by pair wise comparisons criterion correction. p-value<0.05 considered statistically significant. Data analysis graphical visualization performed statistical software R version 4.1.1 its libraries. Results discussion. results showed an increase detection through voluntary testing, preventive medical examination, indications. proportion injecting drug users (IDUs) decreased over time, while involvement women epidemic process heterosexual transmission increased. Additionally, there patients aged 35 years older. CD4-cell counts revealed significant differences among gender age subgroups. Women had higher absolute CD4-lymphocyte throughout follow-up period. Patients 0–14 highest CD4-lymphocytes 500 cells/μL, 50 old less 200 cells/μL. Men who have sex men people mother-to-child mean baseline counts. IDUs heterosexuals a decrease longest disease 24 20 months, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, this helps identify risk HIV-infected individuals Russia at present.

Language: Английский

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Biological function molecular pathways and druggability of DNMT2/TRDMT1

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 107222 - 107222

Published: May 21, 2024

5-methylcytosine (m

Language: Английский

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