Stem-like exhausted and memory CD8+ T cells in cancer

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 780 - 798

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Antigen Source: Cancer Vaccines Based on Whole Tumor Cell/tissue Lysate or Whole Tumor Cell

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(22)

Published: May 31, 2023

Abstract Cancer immunotherapies have improved human health, and one among the important technologies for cancer immunotherapy is vaccine. Antigens are most components in vaccines. Generally, antigens vaccines can be divided into two categories: pre‐defined unidentified antigens. Although, loaded with predefined commonly used, vaccine mixed antigens, especially whole cells or cell lysates, a very promising approach, such obviate some limitations Their advantages include, but not limited to, inclusion of pan‐spectra (all kinds of) inducing pan‐clones specific T cells, overcoming heterogeneity cells. In this review, recent advances based on whole‐tumor either summarized. terms focus applying water‐soluble lysates as Recently, utilizing has become feasible. Considering that pre‐determined antigen‐based (mainly peptide‐based mRNA‐based) various limitations, developing alternative.

Language: Английский

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Immunosurveillance in clinical cancer management

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(2), P. 187 - 202

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

The progression of cancer involves a critical step in which malignant cells escape from control by the immune system. Antineoplastic agents are particularly efficient when they succeed restoring such (immunosurveillance) or at least establish an equilibrium state that slows down disease progression. This is true not only for immunotherapies, as checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but also conventional chemotherapy, targeted anticancer agents, and radiation therapy. Thus, therapeutics stress kill while provoking tumor-targeting response, referred to immunogenic cell death, useful combination with ICIs. Modern oncology regimens increasingly using combinations, chemoimmunotherapy, well combinations multiple However, latter generally associated severe side effects compared single-agent Of note, success these combinatorial strategies against locally advanced metastatic cancers now spurring successful attempts move them past postoperative (adjuvant) setting preoperative (neoadjuvant) setting, even patients operable cancers. Here, authors critically discuss importance immunosurveillance modern clinical management.

Language: Английский

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Boosting Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Biomaterials

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 3225 - 3258

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With rapid advances in nanotechnology materials science, various types biomaterials have been developed to maximize therapeutic efficacy minimizing side effects by increasing tumor antigenicity, reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment, amplifying antitumor response, reducing extratumoral distribution inhibitors as well enhancing their retention within target sites. In this review, we reviewed current design strategies for different augment ICB effectively then discussed present representative biomaterial-assisted modulation targeted delivery boost therapy. Current challenges future development prospects expanding with were also summarized. We anticipate review will be helpful developing emerging promoting application

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors: insights into the regulation of circular RNAS involved in cancer hallmarks

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Current treatment strategies for cancer, especially advanced are limited and unsatisfactory. One of the most substantial advances in cancer therapy, last decades, was discovery a new layer immunotherapy approach, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which can specifically activate cells by targeting checkpoints. Immune checkpoints type immunosuppressive molecules expressed on cells, regulate degree activation avoid autoimmune responses. ICIs, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, has shown inspiring efficacy broad applicability across various cancers. Unfortunately, not all patients benefit remarkably from overall response rates to ICIs remain relatively low types. Moreover, primary acquired resistance pose serious challenges clinical application immunotherapy. Thus, deeper understanding molecular biological properties regulatory mechanisms is urgently needed improve options fo r current therapies. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted increasing attention, only due their involvement aspects hallmarks, but also impact shaping tumor microenvironment. In this review, we systematically summarize status existing roles circRNAs Meanwhile, aim settle issue an evidence-oriented manner that involved hallmarks effects

Language: Английский

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Medicinal plant-derived mtDNA via nanovesicles induces the cGAS-STING pathway to remold tumor-associated macrophages for tumor regression

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 6, 2023

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been proposed as a major mechanism for the inter-kingdom interaction and communication, but effector components enclosed in vesicles mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The plant Artemisia annua is known an anti-malaria agent that also exhibits wide range of biological activities including immunoregulatory anti-tumor properties with to be further addressed. Here, we isolated purified exosome-like particles from A. annua, which were characterized by nano-scaled membrane-bound shape hence termed artemisia-derived (ADNVs). Remarkably, demonstrated inhibit tumor growth boost immunity mouse model lung cancer, primarily through remolding microenvironment reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We identified plant-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), upon internalized into TAMs via vesicles, molecule induce cGAS-STING pathway driving shift pro-tumor phenotype. Furthermore, our data showed administration ADNVs greatly improved efficacy PD-L1 inhibitor, prototypic immune checkpoint tumor-bearing mice. Together, present study, first time, knowledge, unravels wherein medical mtDNA, nanovesicles, induces immunostimulatory signaling mammalian cells resetting promoting eradication.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advancements, Limitations, and Future Perspectives of the use of Personalized Medicine in Treatment of Colon Cancer

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Due to the heterogeneity of colon cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are ineffective in all cases. The genomic profile biomarkers associated with process considered personalized medicine, along patient's personal history. It is based on response targeted therapies specific genetic variations. transcriptomic epigenetic features evaluated, best therapeutic approach diagnostic testing identified through medicine. This review aims summarize necessary, updated information cancer related Personalized medicine gaining prominence as generalized treatments finding it challenging contain cases which currently rank fourth among global incidence while being fifth largest total death worldwide. In therapy, patients grouped into categories, chosen evaluating their molecular features. Various strategies explored treatment involving immunotherapy, phytochemicals, other biomarker-specific therapies. However, significant challenges must be overcome integrate healthcare systems completely. We look at various signaling pathways alterations understand identify useful therapy. current available improve existing methods discussed. highlights advantages limitations scenario developed countries faced middle- low-income also summarized. Finally, we discuss future perspectives how could integrated systems.

Language: Английский

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Temperature sensitive liposome based cancer nanomedicine enables tumour lymph node immune microenvironment remodelling

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 19, 2023

Targeting tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment is a crucial strategy in immunotherapy. However, the critical role of lymph node (LN) immune (TLIME) homoeostasis often ignored. Here, we present nanoinducer, NIL-IM-Lip, that remodels suppressed TLIME via simultaneously mobilizing T and NK cells. The temperature-sensitive NIL-IM-Lip firstly delivered to tumours, then directed LNs following pH-sensitive shedding NGR motif MMP2-responsive release IL-15. IR780 1-MT induces immunogenic cell death suppress regulatory cells during photo-thermal stimulation. We demonstrate combining with anti-PD-1 significantly enhances effectiveness cells, leading greatly growth both hot cold models, complete response some instances. Our work thus highlights immunotherapy provides proof principle combine LN targeting checkpoint blockade cancer

Language: Английский

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Metabolism and epigenetics at the heart of T cell function

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 231 - 244

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

T cell subsets adapt and rewire their metabolism according to functions surrounding microenvironment. Whereas naive cells rely on mitochondrial metabolic pathways characterized by low nutrient requirements, effector induce kinetically faster generate the biomass energy needed for proliferation cytokine production. Recent findings support concept that alterations in also affect epigenetics of cells. In this review we discuss connections between epigenetic changes such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) DNA methylation, well 'extra-metabolic' roles enzymes molecules. These collectively point a new group potential therapeutic targets treatment cell-dependent autoimmune diseases cancers.

Language: Английский

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Dendritic Nanomedicine with Boronate Bonds for Augmented Chemo‐Immunotherapy via Synergistic Modulation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(2)

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Unsatisfied tumor accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs and a complicated immunosuppressive microenvironment diminish the immune response rate therapeutic effect. Surface modification these with target ligands can promote their cellular internalization, but modified may be subjected to unexpected recognition clearance. Herein, phenylboronic acid (PBA) group-shieldable dendritic nanomedicine that integrates an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agent (epirubicin, Epi) indoleamine 2,3-dioxgenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor (NLG919) is reported for chemo-immunotherapy. This NLG919-loaded Epi-conjugated PEGylated dendrimers bridged boronate bonds (NLG919@Epi-DBP) maintains stable nanostructure during circulation. Under moderate acidic condition, PBA group exposes sialic residue on membrane enhance internalization penetration NLG919@Epi-DBP. At pH 5.0, NLG919@Epi-DBP rapidly disassembles release incorporated Epi NLG919. triggers robust ICD cells evokes strong response. In addition, inhibition IDO1 activity downregulates metabolism L-tryptophan kynurenine, leading reduction in recruitment modulation microenvironment. Collectively, this promising strategy has been demonstrated evoke as well remodel enhanced chemo-immunotherapeutic

Language: Английский

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