Rethinking Antigen Source: Cancer Vaccines Based on Whole Tumor Cell/tissue Lysate or Whole Tumor Cell

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(22)

Published: May 31, 2023

Abstract Cancer immunotherapies have improved human health, and one among the important technologies for cancer immunotherapy is vaccine. Antigens are most components in vaccines. Generally, antigens vaccines can be divided into two categories: pre‐defined unidentified antigens. Although, loaded with predefined commonly used, vaccine mixed antigens, especially whole cells or cell lysates, a very promising approach, such obviate some limitations Their advantages include, but not limited to, inclusion of pan‐spectra (all kinds of) inducing pan‐clones specific T cells, overcoming heterogeneity cells. In this review, recent advances based on whole‐tumor either summarized. terms focus applying water‐soluble lysates as Recently, utilizing has become feasible. Considering that pre‐determined antigen‐based (mainly peptide‐based mRNA‐based) various limitations, developing alternative.

Language: Английский

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Lymph-targeted high-density lipoprotein-mimetic nanovaccine for multi-antigenic personalized cancer immunotherapy

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(11)

Published: March 13, 2024

Cancer vaccines show huge potential for cancer prevention and treatment. However, their efficacy remains limited due to weak immunogenicity regarding inefficient stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Inspired by the unique characteristic biological function high-density lipoprotein (HDL), we here develop an HDL-mimicking nanovaccine with commendable lymph-targeted capacity potently elicit antitumor immunity using lipid nanoparticle that is co-loaded specific cytomembrane harboring a collection tumor-associated antigens immune adjuvant. The nanoparticulate impact explored on efficiency lymphatic targeting dendritic cell uptake. optimized promotes co-delivery adjuvants lymph nodes maintains antigen presentation cells, resulting in long-term surveillance as elevated frequency CTLs within lymphoid organs tumor tissue. Immunization suppresses formation growth augments therapeutic checkpoint inhibitors notably high-stemness melanoma mouse models.

Language: Английский

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Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(35)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy, utilizing nanotechnology to augment traditional vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the current state‐of‐the‐art nanovaccine development, elucidating innovative strategies and technologies employed their design. It explores both preclinical clinical advancements, emphasizing key studies demonstrating potential elicit robust anti‐tumor immune responses. The study encompasses various facets, including integrating biomaterial‐based nanocarriers for antigen delivery, adjuvant selection, impact of nanoscale properties on performance. Detailed insights into complex interplay between tumor microenvironment responses are provided, highlighting challenges opportunities optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, presents thorough analysis ongoing trials, presenting snapshot landscape. By curating latest scientific findings developments, this aims serve as comprehensive resource researchers clinicians engaged advancing immunotherapy. Integrating design holds immense promise revolutionizing treatment paradigms, provides timely update evolving landscape nanovaccines.

Language: Английский

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Boosting Theranostic Performance of AIEgens Using Nanocatalyzer for Robust Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(23)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract High‐performance theranostic systems are of paramount importance for achieving precise image‐guided cancer immunotherapy. Here, a novel nanoplatform is presented that integrates aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) with prussian blue (PB) nanocatalyzer robust The AIEgen dimethylamine substitution demonstrates compelling near‐infrared (NIR) light‐induced photothermal conversion and photodynamic therapy (PDT) capabilities. By incorporating into porous PBNPs, further enveloped within M1 macrophage membrane, tumor‐specific nanoagent constructed. This strategic integration effectively constrains the molecular motion AIEgen, leading to amplified NIR‐II fluorescence brightness PDT attributes. Moreover, PBNPs can catalyze tumor‐overexpressed H 2 O generate oxygen boost efficacy, PB's NIR absorption also intensifies photoacoustic imaging effect. provides comprehensive information photoimmunotherapy in orthotopic breast cancer‐bearing mice. Leveraging its potent immunogenic cell death effect, not only significantly inhibits growth, but generates whole‐cell therapeutic vaccine protect mice from tumor rechallenge. In highly malignant post‐surgery models, enables both accurate identification residual tumors efficient inhibition postoperative recurrence pulmonary metastasis. study will offer valuable insights creating efficacious multifaceted protocols.

Language: Английский

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Present and future of cancer nano-immunotherapy: opportunities, obstacles and challenges

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Clinically, multimodal therapies are adopted worldwide for the management of cancer, which continues to be a leading cause death. In recent years, immunotherapy has firmly established itself as new paradigm in cancer care that activates body's immune defense cope with cancer. Immunotherapy resulted significant breakthroughs treatment stubborn tumors, dramatically improving clinical outcome patients. Multiple forms immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell therapy and vaccines, have become widely available. However, effectiveness these immunotherapies is not much satisfying. Many patients do respond disease recurrence appears unavoidable because rapidly evolving resistance. Moreover, can give rise severe off-target immune-related adverse events. Strategies remove hindrances mainly focus on development combinatorial or exploitation novel immunotherapeutic mediations. Nanomaterials carrying anticancer agents target site considered practical approaches treatment. Nanomedicine combined offers possibility potentiate systemic antitumor immunity facilitate selective cytotoxicity against cells an effective safe manner. A myriad nano-enabled currently under investigation. Owing gaps between preclinical studies, nano-immunotherapy faces multiple challenges, biosafety nanomaterials trial design. this review, we provide overview summarize evidence indicating how nanomedicine-based increase efficacy immunotherapies. We also discuss key challenges emerged era nanotechnology-based immunotherapy. Taken together, combination drawing increasing attention, it anticipated will achieve desired success therapy.

Language: Английский

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Autophagosomes coated in situ with nanodots act as personalized cancer vaccines

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Uplifting Antitumor Immunotherapy with Lymph‐Node‐Targeted and Ratio‐Controlled Codelivery of Tumor Cell Lysate and Adjuvant

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17)

Published: March 8, 2024

Cancer vaccines provide a potential strategy to cure patients. Their clinical utilization and efficacy is, however, limited by incomplete coverage of tumor neoantigens unspecific restricted activation dendritic cells (DCs). Tumor cell lysates (TCLs) containing broad spectrum neoantigens, while are considered ideal in formulating personalized vaccines, induce generally poor antigen presentation transient antitumor immune response. Here, intelligent polymersomal nanovaccines (PNVs) that quantitatively coload, efficiently codeliver, responsively corelease TCL CpG adjuvant lymph node (LN) DCs developed boost specific robust immunity. PNVs carrying ovalbumin (OVA) markedly enhance the maturation, presentation, downstream T ability bone-marrow-derived strong systemic response after tail base injection. Remarkably, 85% B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice generate long-lasting anticancer memory at low dose, protecting all cured from rechallenge. These LN-directed being highly versatile straightforward opens new door for cancer vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Engineering customized nanovaccines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 330 - 357

Published: March 11, 2024

Nanovaccines have gathered significant attention for their potential to elicit tumor-specific immunological responses. Despite notable progress in tumor immunotherapy, nanovaccines still encounter considerable challenges such as low delivery efficiency, limited targeting ability, and suboptimal efficacy. With an aim of addressing these issues, engineering customized through modification or functionalization has emerged a promising approach. These tailored not only enhance antigen presentation, but also effectively modulate immunosuppression within the microenvironment. Specifically, they are distinguished by diverse sizes, shapes, charges, structures, unique physicochemical properties, along with ligands. features facilitate lymph node accumulation activation/regulation immune cells. This overview bespoke underscores both prophylactic therapeutic applications, offering insights into future development role cancer immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(29), P. 18801 - 18833

Published: July 9, 2024

Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations vaccines have been developed, including cell membrane DNA mRNA polypeptide virus-vectored and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for such as liposomes, vesicles, viruses, exosomes, emulsions. In addition, to decrease risk escape tolerance that may exist with a single vaccine, combination therapy radiotherapy, chemotherapy, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, photoimmunotherapy is effective strategy. Given critical role in here, we look back history discuss antigens, adjuvants, formulations, systems, mechanisms, future directions

Language: Английский

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PdRu bimetallic nanoalloys with improved photothermal effect for amplified ROS-mediated tumor therapy

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

An emerging strategy in cancer therapy involves inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically within tumors using nanozymes. However, existing nanozymes suffer from limitations such as low reactivity, poor biocompatibility, and limited targeting capabilities, hindering their therapeutic efficacy. In response, the PdRu@PEI bimetallic nanoalloys were constructed with well-catalytic activities effective separation of charges, which can catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) under near-infrared laser stimulation. Through facilitating electron transfer enhancing active sites, enhanced peroxidase-like (POD-like) enzymatic activity glutathione (GSH) depletion abilities are boosted through a simple co-reduction process, leading promising anti-tumor activity. The between Pd Ru contributes POD-like Then, by oxidizing endogenous overexpressed GSH, cycling prevents GSH consuming ROS. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance effect on ensures its photothermal performance local heating, further promoting integrated multi-modal approach has demonstrated significant anti-cancer effects vivo studies. exhibit high catalytic efficiency excellent offering valuable insights for development nano-catalysts/enzymes biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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