ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(16), P. 10738 - 10757
Published: April 12, 2024
Biomolecular
condensates
play
important
roles
in
a
wide
array
of
fundamental
biological
processes,
such
as
cellular
compartmentalization,
regulation,
and
other
biochemical
reactions.
Since
their
discovery
first
observations,
an
extensive
expansive
library
tools
has
been
developed
to
investigate
various
aspects
properties,
encompassing
structural
compositional
information,
material
evolution
throughout
the
life
cycle
from
formation
eventual
dissolution.
This
Review
presents
overview
expanded
set
methods
that
researchers
use
probe
properties
biomolecular
across
diverse
scales
length,
concentration,
stiffness,
time.
In
particular,
we
review
recent
years'
exciting
development
label-free
techniques
methodologies.
We
broadly
organize
into
3
categories:
(1)
imaging-based
techniques,
transmitted-light
microscopy
(TLM)
Brillouin
(BM),
(2)
force
spectroscopy
atomic
(AFM)
optical
tweezer
(OT),
(3)
microfluidic
platforms
emerging
technologies.
point
out
tools'
key
opportunities,
challenges,
future
perspectives
analyze
correlative
potential
well
compatibility
with
techniques.
Additionally,
namely,
differential
dynamic
(DDM)
interferometric
scattering
(iSCAT),
have
huge
for
applications
studying
condensates.
Finally,
highlight
how
some
these
can
be
translated
diagnostics
therapy
purposes.
hope
this
serves
useful
guide
new
field
aids
advancing
biophysical
study
The Plant Cell,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(9), P. 3187 - 3204
Published: May 10, 2023
Biomolecular
condensates
are
membraneless
organelle-like
structures
that
can
concentrate
molecules
and
often
form
through
liquid-liquid
phase
separation.
condensate
assembly
is
tightly
regulated
by
developmental
environmental
cues.
Although
research
on
biomolecular
has
intensified
in
the
past
10
years,
our
current
understanding
of
molecular
mechanisms
components
underlying
their
formation
remains
its
infancy,
especially
plants.
However,
recent
studies
have
shown
may
be
central
to
plant
acclimation
stress
conditions.
Here,
we
describe
mechanism,
regulation,
properties
stress-related
plants,
focusing
granules
processing
bodies,
2
most
well-characterized
condensates.
In
this
regard,
showcase
proteomes
bodies
an
attempt
suggest
methods
for
elucidating
composition
function
Finally,
discuss
how
modulate
responses
they
might
used
as
targets
biotechnological
efforts
improve
tolerance.
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: Feb. 20, 2024
The
conversion
of
native
peptides
and
proteins
into
amyloid
aggregates
is
a
hallmark
over
50
human
disorders,
including
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
diseases.
Increasing
evidence
implicates
misfolded
protein
oligomers
produced
during
the
formation
process
as
primary
cytotoxic
agents
in
many
these
devastating
conditions.
In
this
review,
we
analyze
processes
by
which
are
formed,
their
structures,
physicochemical
properties,
population
dynamics,
mechanisms
cytotoxicity.
We
then
focus
on
drug
discovery
strategies
that
target
ability
to
disrupt
cell
physiology
trigger
degenerative
processes.
Cell Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
Inflammasome
activation
and
pyroptotic
cell
death
are
known
to
contribute
the
pathogenesis
of
cardiovascular
diseases,
such
as
myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion
(I/R)
injury,
although
underlying
regulatory
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Here
we
report
that
expression
levels
E3
ubiquitin
ligase
membrane-associated
RING
finger
protein
2
(MARCH2)
were
elevated
in
ischemic
human
hearts
or
mouse
upon
I/R
injury.
Genetic
ablation
MARCH2
aggravated
infarction
cardiac
dysfunction
Single-cell
RNA-seq
analysis
suggested
loss
prompted
NLRP3
inflammasome
cardiomyocytes.
Mechanistically,
phosphoglycerate
mutase
5
(PGAM5)
was
found
act
a
novel
regulator
MAVS-NLRP3
signaling
by
forming
liquid-liquid
phase
separation
condensates
with
MAVS
fostering
recruitment
NLRP3.
directly
interacts
PGAM5
promote
its
K48-linked
polyubiquitination
proteasomal
degradation,
resulting
reduced
PGAM5-MAVS
co-condensation,
consequently
inhibition
cardiomyocyte
pyroptosis.
AAV-based
re-introduction
significantly
ameliorated
I/R-induced
heart
dysfunction.
Altogether,
our
findings
reveal
mechanism
where
MARCH2-mediated
ubiquitination
negatively
regulates
PGAM5/MAVS/NLRP3
axis
protect
against
pyroptosis
Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 214 - 226
Published: Jan. 10, 2024
Chromosome-containing
micronuclei
are
a
feature
of
human
cancer.
Micronuclei
arise
from
chromosome
mis-segregation
and
characterize
tumors
with
elevated
rates
chromosomal
instability.
Although
their
association
cancer
has
been
long
recognized,
only
recently
have
we
broadened
our
understanding
the
mechanisms
that
govern
formation
role
in
tumor
progression.
In
this
review,
provide
brief
historical
account
micronuclei,
depict
underpinning
creation,
illuminate
capacity
to
propel
evolution
through
genetic,
epigenetic,
transcriptional
transformations.
We
also
posit
prospect
leveraging
as
biomarkers
therapeutic
targets
chromosomally
unstable
cancers.
cells
serve
pivotal
catalysts
for
progression,
instigating
transformative
genomic,
alterations.
This
comprehensive
review
not
synthesizes
present
comprehension
but
outlines
framework
translating
knowledge
into
pioneering
therapeutics,
thereby
illuminating
novel
paths
personalized
management.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Whether
phase-separation
is
involved
in
the
organization
of
transcriptional
machinery
and
if
it
aids
or
inhibits
process
a
matter
intense
debate.
In
this
Mini
Review,
we
will
cover
current
knowledge
regarding
role
condensates
on
gene
expression
regulation.
We
summarize
latest
discoveries
relationship
between
condensate
formation,
genome
organization,
activity,
focusing
strengths
weaknesses
experimental
approaches
used
to
interrogate
these
aspects
transcription
living
cells.
Finally,
discuss
challenges
for
future
research.
Annual Review of Biophysics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
53(1), P. 319 - 341
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Biomolecular
condensates
are
highly
versatile
membraneless
organelles
involved
in
a
plethora
of
cellular
processes.
Recent
years
have
witnessed
growing
evidence
the
interaction
these
droplets
with
membrane-bound
structures.
Condensates'
adhesion
to
membranes
can
cause
their
mutual
molding
and
regulation,
is
fundamental
relevance
intracellular
organization
communication,
organelle
remodeling,
embryogenesis,
phagocytosis.
In
this
article,
we
review
advances
understanding
membrane-condensate
interactions,
focus
on
vitro
models.
These
minimal
systems
allow
precise
characterization
tuning
material
properties
both
provide
workbench
for
visualizing
resulting
morphologies
quantifying
interactions.
interactions
give
rise
diverse
biologically
relevant
phenomena,
such
as
molecular-level
restructuring
membrane,
nano-
microscale
ruffling
condensate-membrane
interface,
coupling
protein
lipid
phases.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
53(10), P. 4976 - 5013
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Protein
misfolding
and
amyloid
aggregation,
linked
to
neurodegenerative
diseases,
can
result
from
liquid–liquid
phase
separation
(LLPS)
a
subsequent
liquid-to-solid
transition.
This
represents
LLPS
as
generic
mechanism
in
nucleation.
