Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
The
interplay
between
the
gut
microbiota
and
gastrointestinal
hormones
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
health
of
host
development
diseases.
As
vital
component
intestinal
microecosystem,
influences
synthesis
release
many
through
mechanisms
such
as
modulating
environment,
producing
metabolites,
impacting
mucosal
barriers,
generating
immune
inflammatory
responses,
releasing
neurotransmitters.
Conversely,
exert
feedback
regulation
on
by
nutrient
absorption
utilization,
bacterial
biological
behavior
composition.
distributions
are
anatomically
intertwined,
close
interactions
crucial
for
maintaining
homeostasis.
Interventions
leveraging
have
been
employed
clinical
management
metabolic
diseases
bowel
diseases,
bariatric
surgery
fecal
transplantation,
offering
promising
targets
treatment
dysbiosis-related
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
80(1), P. 37 - 49
Published: April 2, 2020
In
recent
years,
the
importance
of
gut
microbiota
in
human
health
has
been
revealed
and
many
publications
have
highlighted
its
role
as
a
key
component
physiology.
Owing
to
use
modern
sequencing
approaches,
characterisation
microbiome
healthy
individuals
disease
demonstrated
disturbance
microbiota,
or
dysbiosis,
associated
with
pathological
conditions.
The
establishes
symbiotic
crosstalk
their
host:
commensal
microbes
benefit
from
nutrient-rich
environment
provided
by
produces
hundreds
proteins
metabolites
that
modulate
functions
host,
including
nutrient
processing,
maintenance
energy
homoeostasis
immune
system
development.
Many
bacteria-derived
originate
dietary
sources.
Among
them,
an
important
attributed
derived
bacterial
fermentation
fibres,
namely
SCFA
linking
host
nutrition
intestinal
maintenance.
are
fuels
for
epithelial
cells
(IEC)
regulate
IEC
through
different
mechanisms
proliferation,
differentiation
well
subpopulations
such
enteroendocrine
cells,
impact
motility
strengthen
barrier
metabolism.
Recent
findings
show
SCFA,
particular
butyrate,
also
immuno-modulatory
functions.
this
review,
we
discuss
on
immunity
consequently
health.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
101(2), P. 683 - 731
Published: Aug. 13, 2020
Several
diseases
and
conditions
have
been
associated
with
an
uncontrolled
rise
in
bile
acid
(BA)
concentrations.
This
is
often
the
case
when
tight
feedback
regulation
of
BA
synthesis
compromised
to
point
that
BAs
become
detrimental.
their
cognate
receptors,
farnesoid
X
receptor
(FXR)
Takeda
G-protein
5
(TGR5),
however,
exert
many
beneficial
roles
as
they
enable
tissues
adapt
environmental,
nutritional,
physiological
cues.
Over
last
two
decades,
mimetics
targeting
FXR,
TGR5,
or
both,
proven
be
efficacious
alleviating
chronic
metabolic
inflammatory
disorders,
such
obesity,
Type
2
diabetes
(T2D),
atherosclerosis
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH).
While
several
aspects
signaling
are
still
poorly
understood,
first
therapeutics
FXR
making
way
into
clinic
treat
liver
diseases,
primary
biliary
cholangitis
(PBC)
NASH.
Drugs
may,
hence,
a
bright
future
continuing
efforts
on
studying
impact
changing
pathways
humans
will
translate
our
emerging
knowledge
physiology
model
organisms
clinical
benefits.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 1842990 - 1842990
Published: Nov. 9, 2020
Phlorizin
(PHZ)
is
one
of
phytonutrients
in
apples
that
contributes
to
the
health-promoting
effect
implicated
by
saying,
'an
apple
a
day
keeps
doctor
away'.
PHZ
was
firstly
identified
as
competitive
inhibitor
sodium-glucose
co-transporters-2
(SGLT2);
however,
its
low
bioavailability
makes
it
hard
fully
explain
pharmacological
mechanisms.
This
study
aimed
investigate
ameliorating
on
high-fat
diet
(HFD)-induced
obesity
via
modulating
"gut
microbiota-barrier
axis".
Firstly,
C57BL/6
J
mice
were
fed
normal
chow
(NCD)
or
HFD
coadministered
with
without
for
12
weeks.
Our
results
showed
supplementation
significantly
reduced
HFD-induced
body
weight
gain
(P
<
.001),
alleviated
metabolic
disorders
(MDs)
like
insulin
resistance
.001)
and
elevation
serum
lipopolysaccharides
(LPS)
attenuated
gut
microbiota
alterations,
enhanced
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
production
inhibited
fecal
LPS
.001).
To
role
observed
beneficial
effects,
transplantation
(FMT)
experiment
performed
transplanting
feces
four
groups
(as
donor
mice)
daily
collected
from
fourth
week
new
batch
acclimatized
HFD-fed
mice.
confirmed
feeding
contents
PHZ-modulated
could
attenuate
MDs,
accompanied
glucagon-like
peptide
2
(GLP-2)
secretion
restoration
damage
epithelial
barrier.
has
provided
evidence
axis"
an
alternative
target
anti-obesity
PHZ.
work
also
explanation
high
efficacy
despite
bioavailability,
holds
great
potential
be
developed
functional
food
ingredient.
Gut Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Aug. 6, 2021
Abstract
A
strong
and
expanding
evidence
base
supports
the
influence
of
gut
microbiota
in
human
metabolism.
Altered
glucose
homeostasis
is
associated
with
altered
microbiota,
clearly
development
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
complications.
Understanding
causal
association
between
metabolic
risk
has
potential
role
identifying
susceptible
individuals
to
allow
early
targeted
intervention.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(4), P. 527 - 527
Published: April 7, 2020
Gut
microbiota
play
an
important
role
in
maintaining
intestinal
health
and
are
involved
the
metabolism
of
carbohydrates,
lipids,
amino
acids.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
enteric
(ENS)
can
interact
with
gut
to
regulate
nutrient
metabolism.
The
vagal
nerve
communicates
between
CNS
ENS
control
gastrointestinal
tract
functions
feeding
behavior.
Vagal
afferent
neurons
also
express
receptors
for
peptides
secreted
from
enteroendocrine
cells
(EECs),
such
as
cholecystokinin
(CCK),
ghrelin,
leptin,
peptide
tyrosine
(PYY),
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1),
5-hydroxytryptamine
(5-HT;
serotonin).
levels
these
influence
pathway
thus
via
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
In
addition,
bile
acids,
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
trimethylamine-N-oxide
(TMAO),
Immunoglobulin
A
(IgA)
exert
metabolic
through
microbiota-gut-liver
This
review
is
mainly
focused
on
neuroendocrine
regulation
microbiota-gut-brain-liver
