Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 1020 - 1032

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Language: Английский

---

Akkermansia muciniphila: paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 625 - 637

Published: May 31, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 1700 - 1718

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(23), P. 12836 - 12836

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells their secretions. gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity function homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics food can disrupt barrier, promoting systemic inflammation tissue damage. Genetic factors predispose individuals to dysfunction, changes composition are central this process. progressive identification these has led development concept ‘leaky syndrome’ ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie relationship between impairment, metabolic diseases autoimmunity. Understanding mechanisms underlying process is an intriguing subject research diagnosis treatment various extraintestinal diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Targeting the gut and tumor microbiota in cancer

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 690 - 703

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

---

Akkermansia muciniphila and Gut Immune System: A Good Friendship That Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, and Diabetes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 7, 2022

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic mucus-layer-degrading bacterium that colonizes the intestinal mucosa of humans and rodents. Metagenomic data have shown an inverse correlation between abundance A. diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes. Thus, in recent decades, potential this immunomodulatory probiotic for autoimmune chronic has been explored experimental models. Corroborating these human data, it reported slows down development progression diabetes, IBD mice. Consequently, clinical studies with obese diabetic patients are being performed, preliminary results very promising. Therefore, mini review highlights main findings regarding beneficial roles its action mechanisms diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 201 - 216

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms for reducing cholesterol levels: implications for ameliorating cardiovascular disease

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 76 - 91

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Dysbiotic Gut Bacteria in Obesity: An Overview of the Metabolic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives of Next-Generation Probiotics

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 452 - 452

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Obesity, a worldwide health concern with constantly rising prevalence, is multifactorial chronic disease associated wide range of physiological disruptions, including energy imbalance, central appetite and food reward dysregulation, hormonal alterations gut dysbiosis. The microbiome well-recognized factor in the pathophysiology obesity, its influence on host physiology has been extensively investigated over last decade. This review highlights mechanisms by which dysbiosis can contribute to obesity. In particular, we discuss microbiota's contribution homeostatic changes, low-grade inflammation, regulation fat deposition bile acid metabolism via bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, components, lipopolysaccharides, among others. Finally, therapeutic strategies based next-generation probiotics aiming re-shape intestinal microbiota reverse metabolic obesity are described.

Language: Английский

---