Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Sept. 7, 2023
Cell-based
strategies
focusing
on
replacement
or
protection
of
dopaminergic
neurons
have
been
considered
as
a
potential
approach
to
treat
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
for
decades.
However,
despite
promising
preclinical
results,
clinical
trials
cell-therapy
PD
reported
mixed
outcomes
and
thorough
synthesis
these
findings
is
lacking.
We
performed
systematic
review
meta-analysis
evaluate
patients.We
systematically
identified
all
investigating
cell-
tissue-based
therapies
published
before
July
2023.
Out
those,
studies
reporting
transplantation
homogenous
cells
(containing
one
cell
type)
were
included
in
meta-analysis.
The
mean
difference
standardized
quantitative
neurological
scale
scores
after
was
analyzed
treatment
effects.The
literature
search
revealed
106
articles.
Eleven
data
from
11
independent
(210
patients)
eligible
Disease
severity
motor
function
evaluation
indicated
beneficial
effects
the
'off'
state
at
3-,
6-,
12-,
24-month
follow-ups,
even
36
months.
Most
patients
levodopa
responders
(61.6-100%
different
follow-ups).
Cell-therapy
also
effective
improving
daily
living
activities
patients.
Cells
diverse
sources
used
multiple
modes
applied.
Autografts
did
not
improve
functional
outcomes,
while
allografts
exhibited
effects.
Encouragingly,
both
into
basal
ganglia
areas
outside
reduce
severity.
Some
adverse
events
potentially
related
surgical
procedure.
One
confirmed
four
possible
cases
graft-induced
dyskinesia
two
this
meta-analysis.This
provides
preliminary
evidence
PD,
responders.
Allogeneic
superior
autologous
cells,
sites
are
limited
ganglia.
PROSPERO
registration
number:
CRD42022369760.
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
a
degenerative
neurological
condition
marked
by
the
gradual
loss
of
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta.
The
precise
etiology
PD
remains
unclear,
but
emerging
evidence
suggests
significant
role
for
disrupted
autophagy-a
crucial
cellular
process
maintaining
protein
and
organelle
integrity.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(13), P. 7183 - 7183
Published: June 29, 2024
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
a
gradually
worsening
neurodegenerative
disorder
affecting
the
nervous
system,
marked
by
slow
progression
and
varied
symptoms.
It
second
most
common
disease,
over
six
million
people
in
world.
Its
multifactorial
etiology
includes
environmental,
genomic,
epigenetic
factors.
Clinical
symptoms
consist
of
non-motor
motor
symptoms,
with
being
classic
presentation.
Therapeutic
approaches
encompass
pharmacological,
non-pharmacological,
surgical
interventions.
Traditional
pharmacological
treatment
consists
administering
drugs
(MAOIs,
DA,
levodopa),
while
emerging
evidence
explores
potential
antidiabetic
agents
for
neuroprotection
gene
therapy
attenuating
parkinsonian
Non-pharmacological
treatments,
such
as
exercise,
calcium-rich
diet,
adequate
vitamin
D
supplementation,
aim
to
prevent
complications.
For
those
patients
who
have
medically
induced
side
effects
and/or
refractory
surgery
therapeutic
option.
Deep
brain
stimulation
primary
option,
associated
symptom
improvement.
Levodopa/carbidopa
intestinal
gel
infusion
through
percutaneous
endoscopic
gastrojejunostomy
portable
pump
succeeded
reducing
"off"
time,
where
occur,
increasing
"on"
time.
This
article
aims
address
general
aspects
PD
provide
comparative
comprehensive
review
conventional
latest
advancements
treatments
PD.
Nevertheless,
further
studies
are
required
optimize
suitable
alternatives.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Parkinson’s
disease
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
that
destroys
substantia
nigra
dopaminergic
neurons,
causing
tremors,
bradykinesia,
rigidity,
and
postural
instability.
Current
treatment
approaches
primarily
focus
on
symptom
management,
employing
pharmacological,
non-pharmacological,
surgical
methods.
However,
these
treatments
often
result
in
fluctuating
symptoms,
side
effects,
progression.
Here,
the
authors
have
reviewed
emerging
field
of
nanomedicine
as
promising
path
for
treatment,
emphasizing
its
potential
to
overcome
limitations
traditional
therapies.
Nanomedicine
utilizes
nanoparticles
targeted
drug
delivery,
leveraging
their
small
size
high
surface
area
volume
ratio
cross
blood-brain
barrier
deliver
therapeutic
agents
directly
affected
brain
regions.
Various
nanoparticles,
including
lipid-based,
polymeric,
metallic,
carbon-based,
shown
treatment.
Additionally,
nanocarrier
systems
like
liposomes,
nanogels,
dendrimers,
solid
lipid
offer
controlled
sustained
release
agents,
enhancing
bioavailability
reducing
effects.
This
review
provides
insights
into
pathophysiology
disease,
highlighting
mechanisms
neurodegeneration,
role
alpha-synuclein,
disruption
pathways.
It
further
discusses
application
gene
therapy
conjunction
with
interventions.
Inflammopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
31(1), P. 37 - 56
Published: Dec. 29, 2022
Abstract
Silent
information
regulator
(SIRT)
has
distinctive
enzymatic
activities
and
physiological
functions
to
control
cell-cycle
progression,
gene
expression,
DNA
stability
by
targeting
histone
non-histone
proteins.
SIRT1
enhances
synaptic
formation
activity,
therefore,
can
reduce
the
progression
of
various
degenerative
brain
diseases
including
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
activity
is
decreased
aging
with
a
subsequent
increased
risk
for
development
diseases.
Inhibition
promotes
inflammatory
reactions
since
inhibits
transcription
nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(NF-κB)
which
also
activation
via
microRNA
miR-34a
NAD
synthesis.
highly
expressed
in
microglia
as
well
neurons,
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
effects.
Therefore,
this
review
aimed
find
possible
role
PD
neuropathology.
neuroprotective
effects;
downregulation
during
p53
expression
may
increase
vulnerability
neuronal
cell
deaths.
neuropathology
linked
sequence
changes
release
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
due
signaling
pathways.
In
addition,
oxidative
stress,
disorders,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
apoptosis
contribute
mutually
Thus,
activators
play
crucial
mitigation
through
amelioration
apoptosis,
RSC Advances,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 4346 - 4357
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
or
simply
is
a
long-term
degenerative
disorder
of
the
central
nervous
system,
which
mainly
affects
motor
system.
Consequently,
detection
and
quantification
related
biomarkers
play
vital
roles
in
early-stage
diagnosis
PD.
In
present
study,
an
innovative
electrochemical
immunosensor
based
on
gold
nanoparticle-modified
graphene
towards
bioconjugation
with
biotinylated
antibody
(bioreceptor)
was
developed
for
ultra-sensitive
specific
monitoring
alpha-synuclein
(α-synuclein)
protein.
The
synergistic
effects
between
nanoparticles
(AuNPs)
drastically
enhanced
activity
resulting
materials.
conductivity
substrate
together
increase
its
surface
area
improved
sensitivity
lowered
limit
capture
layer.
For
first
time,
α-synuclein
protein
measured
human
plasma
samples
using
bioconjugated
AuNP-Gr
acceptable
linear
range
4
to
128
ng
mL
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 770 - 770
Published: Feb. 25, 2023
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
pathology,
the
origin
of
which
associated
with
death
neuronal
cells
involved
in
production
dopamine.
The
prevalence
PD
has
increased
exponentially.
aim
this
review
was
to
describe
novel
treatments
for
that
are
currently
under
investigation
and
study
possible
therapeutic
targets.
pathophysiology
based
on
formation
alpha-synuclein
folds
generate
Lewy
bodies,
cytotoxic
reduce
dopamine
levels.
Most
pharmacological
target
symptoms.
These
include
aimed
at
reducing
accumulation
(epigallocatechin),
its
clearance
via
immunotherapy,
inhibiting
LRRK2,
upregulating
cerebrosidase
(ambroxol).
continues
be
pathology
unknown
generates
significant
social
cost
patients
who
suffer
from
it.
Although
there
still
no
definitive
cure
present,
numerous
available
symptomatology
addition
other
alternatives
investigation.
However,
approach
should
combination
non-pharmacological
strategies
maximise
outcomes
improve
symptomatological
control
these
patients.
It
therefore
necessary
delve
deeper
into
order
quality
life
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(6), P. 2743 - 2759
Published: April 19, 2023
Abstract
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
one
of
the
most
common
degenerative
brain
disorders
caused
by
loss
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
(SN).
Lewy
bodies
and
-synuclein
accumulation
SN
are
hallmarks
neuropathology
PD.
Due
to
lifestyle
changes
prolonged
L-dopa
administration,
patients
with
PD
frequently
have
vitamin
deficiencies,
especially
folate,
B6,
B12.
These
augment
circulating
levels
Homocysteine
development
hyperhomocysteinemia,
which
may
contribute
pathogenesis
Therefore,
this
review
aimed
ascertain
if
hyperhomocysteinemia
play
a
part
oxidative
inflammatory
signaling
pathways
that
development.
Hyperhomocysteinemia
implicated
neurodegenerative
disorders,
including
triggers
progression
different
mechanisms,
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
apoptosis,
endothelial
dysfunction.
Particularly,
linked
high
systemic
disorders.
induces
immune
activation
stress.
In
turn,
activated
response
promotes
hyperhomocysteinemia.
hyperhomocysteinemia-induced
immunoinflammatory
abnormal
aggravate
PD,
leading
more
severity.
Also,
like
nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(NF-κB)
nod-like
receptor
pyrin
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
other
intricate
conclusion,
involved
either
directly
via
induction
degeneration
or
indirectly
pathways.