Hepatokines and metabolism: Deciphering communication from the liver

Molecular Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 101138 - 101138

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and can sense respond to nutrient excess deficiency through crosstalk with multiple tissues. Regulation by the mediated in part regulation glucose lipid metabolism. Dysregulation either process may result metabolic dysfunction contribute development insulin resistance or fatty disease.The has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines, which are liver-derived factors signal communicate distant liver-centered inter-organ pathways improper ultimately dysfunction. Deciphering mechanisms regulate hepatokine expression communication tissues essential for understanding therapeutic strategies treat dysfunction.In this review, we discuss liver-centric secretion. We highlight hepatokines their roles control, examine molecular each hepatokine, potential targets disease. also important areas future studies signaling under healthy pathophysiological conditions.

Language: Английский

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Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 2639 - 2639

Published: March 5, 2021

Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism still perform crosstalk, acting through endocrine, paracrine, autocrine pathways. This study aims review crosstalk between Far beyond understanding actions of each biomarker alone, it is important underline these cytokines act together in body, resulting a complex network different tissues, which may have non-beneficial effects on genesis various physiological disorders their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those healthy weight, leading impaired immune response greater susceptibility inflammatory infectious diseases. Myostatin elevated environments, sharing space with organokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts beta-oxidation regulator decreases lipogenesis liver. The mentioned above interfere homeostatic play role potential therapeutic target assist methods diagnosing syndrome CVD.

Language: Английский

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Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 115012 - 115012

Published: April 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(3), P. 1693 - 1787

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactive individuals with low levels endurance strength elite athletes who produce prodigious performances underpinned by pleiotropic training-induced muscular adaptations. Our current understanding signal integration, interpretation, output coordination cellular molecular mechanisms that govern plasticity across this continuum is incomplete. As such, training methods their application largely rely on “trial-and-error” approach, experience practices successful coaches often providing bases for “post hoc” scientific enquiry research. This review provides synopsis morphological functional changes along underlying adaptation endurance- resistance-based training. These traits are placed in context innate genetic interindividual differences performance, special consideration given aging athletes. Collectively, we provide comprehensive overview response different modes how such adaptations translate “molecules medals.”

Language: Английский

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Single-cell dissection of the obesity-exercise axis in adipose-muscle tissues implies a critical role for mesenchymal stem cells

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(10), P. 1578 - 1593.e6

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Exercise training is critical for the prevention and treatment of obesity, but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood given challenge profiling heterogeneous effects across multiple tissues cell types. Here, we address this opposing exercise high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity at single-cell resolution in subcutaneous visceral white adipose tissue skeletal muscle mice with interventions. We identify a prominent role mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exercise-induced adaptation. Among pathways regulated by HFD MSCs three tissues, extracellular matrix remodeling circadian rhythm are most prominent. Inferred cell-cell interactions implicate within- multi-tissue crosstalk centered around MSCs. Overall, our work reveals intricacies diversity molecular responses to uncovers previously underappreciated tissue-specific beneficial exercise.

Language: Английский

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Mediation Role of Recreational Physical Activity in the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Live Microbes and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 777 - 777

Published: March 8, 2024

The main topic of this research is the relationship between dietary intake live microbe-containing (LMC) foods, recreational physical activity (RPA), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). This study presented a cohort 26,254 individuals in National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), representing an estimated weighted population 193,637,615 United States. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used consideration multi-stage sampling design. Results: found that medium-LMC foods negatively associated with SII [β (95% CI): −4.807 (−7.752, −1.862), p = 0.002], indicating their was correlated lower levels SII. However, no significant associations low- or high-LMC foods. also explored RPA SII, finding more time spent −0.022 (−0.034, −0.011), < 0.001]. A mediation analysis conducted to investigate role food revealed had notable indirect effect, contributing 6.7% overall change Overall, suggests may have beneficial effects on immune inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Meteorin-like/Metrnl, a novel secreted protein implicated in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Meteorin-like, also known as Metrnl, Meteorin-β, Subfatin, and Cometin, is a novel secreted protein exerting pleiotropic effects on inflammation, immunology, metabolism. Earlier research this hormone focused regulating energy expenditure glucose homeostasis. Consequently, several studies attempted to characterize the molecule mechanism of Metrnl in metabolism obesity-related disorders but reported contradictory clinical results. Recent gradually noticed its multiple protective functions inflammatory immune regulations cardiometabolic diseases, such inducing macrophage activation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, bone formation, preventing dyslipidemias. A comprehensive understanding essential identify significance potential therapeutic drug or biomarker certain diseases. In review, we present current knowledge physiology roles metabolism, including animal/cell interventional preclinical human studies. We describe controversies regarding data circulation different disease states determine application better.

Language: Английский

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Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Endocrine Manifestations, Pathophysiology and Treatments

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 676 - 708

Published: March 14, 2024

Research on lean, energy-deficient athletic and military cohorts has broadened the concept of Female Athlete Triad into Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) syndrome. REDs represents a spectrum abnormalities induced by low energy availability (LEA), which serves as underlying cause all symptoms described within concept, affecting exercising populations either biological sex. Both short- long-term LEA, conjunction with other moderating factors, may produce multitude maladaptive changes that impair various physiological systems adversely affect health, well-being, sport performance. Consequently, comprehensive definition encompasses broad sequelae adverse clinical outcomes related to such neuroendocrine, bone, immune, hematological effects, ultimately resulting compromised health In this review, we discuss pathophysiology associated disorders. We briefly examine current treatment recommendations for REDs, primarily focusing nonpharmacological, behavioral, lifestyle modifications target its cause-energy deficit. also approaches aimed at managing symptoms, menstrual dysfunction bone stress injuries, explore potential novel treatments physiology, emphasizing roles leptin activin-follistatin-inhibin axis, remain be fully elucidated, management REDs. near future, therapies leveraging our emerging understanding molecules axes or lack thereof restore LEA-related abnormalities, thus preventing and/or treating REDs-related complications, fractures, improving

Language: Английский

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Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(16), P. 8520 - 8520

Published: Aug. 7, 2021

In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for release proteins and peptides called “myokines”, suggesting plays role a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including exertion complex autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects. sum, myokines affect multi-organ processes, such as trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim this review is describe in detail number are, varying degrees, involved aging processes belong group present functional environment surrounding cell known “Niche”. particular described those that, acting both from within an autocrine manner, have defined relationship with modulation oxidative stress cells (mature stem) regulatory (metabolic regenerative) aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 irisin examples specific peculiar features mechanisms action. particular, potential one most recently characterized myokines—irisin, directly linked active lifestyle—in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced damage discussed terms its possible application agent able counteract deleterious effects

Language: Английский

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Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3501 - 3501

Published: March 23, 2022

In the last few years, muscular system has gained attention due to discovery of muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic immunological processes. able influence human health a positive way target research diseases, cancer, neurological other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types exercise training were investigated years find associations between exercise, myokines their effects on Particularly, resistance turned out be powerful stimulus enhance myokine release. As there training, stimulated, depending mode training. This narrative review gives an overview about how it can utilized stimulate production order gain certain effect. Finally, question why is important key regulator will discussed.

Language: Английский

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