Circadian Rhythms Disrupted by Light at Night and Mistimed Food Intake Alter Hormonal Rhythms and Metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3392 - 3392

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life, allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce production, expanding social life around the clock. However, physiology behavior that evolved in context 24 h solar days are frequently perturbed by exposure to at night. This is particularly salient circadian rhythms, result endogenous biological clocks with a rhythm ~24 h. Circadian rhythms govern features behavior, set precisely primarily during day, though other factors, such as timing meals, can also affect rhythms. significantly affected night shift work because nocturnal light, electronic devices, shifts meals. Night workers increased risk for metabolic disorder, well several types cancer. Others who exposed or late mealtimes show disrupted cardiac disorders. It imperative understand how alter function develop strategies mitigate their negative effects. In this review, we provide an introduction physiological regulation homeostasis suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), SCN-mediated hormones display including melatonin glucocorticoids. Next, discuss circadian-gated processes sleep food intake, followed modern lighting disrupts molecular clock Lastly, identify disruptions metabolism increase susceptibility syndrome cardiovascular diseases, various harmful consequences associated on health.

Language: Английский

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The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2251 - 2251

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy associated diseases/disorders, or just related rather independent pathologies. The human nature MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with action evolution) is presented discussed. text also describes components, special emphasis description their interrelations (including syndromic development recruitment), as well consequences upon energy handling partition. main theories MS’s origin are relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, encompass most components described so far. differential effects sex biological considered under light social needs evolution, which directly epidemiology, severity, relations senescence. triggering maintenance factors discussed, especial inflammation, complex process affecting different levels organization critical element for development. Inflammation operation connective tissue adipose organ) widely studied acknowledged influence diet. role diet composition, including transcendence anaplerotic Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and timing), developed context testosterone β-estradiol control insulin-glycaemia core system carbohydrate-triacylglycerol handling. high probability acting unique (essentially monophyletic) presented, together additional perspectives/considerations treatment this ‘very’ disease.

Language: Английский

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Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 22, 2024

Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between endogenous circadian clock and homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of internal is associated with an increased risk for obesity disturbances type 2 diabetes cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal aligned cellular rhythms optimize performance tissues organs. In this review, we provide overview effects discuss underlying mechanisms. Additionally, explore factors timing, including determinants chronotype genetics, well external influences like social factors, cultural aspects, work schedules. This review could contribute defining meal-timing-based recommendations public initiatives developing guidelines effective lifestyle modifications targeting prevention treatment Furthermore, it sheds light on must considered in design future intervention trials.

Language: Английский

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Effects of early, late and self-selected time-restricted eating on visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic health in participants with overweight or obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Circadian rhythms and obesity: Timekeeping governs lipid metabolism

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(3)

Published: July 13, 2020

Abstract Almost all living organisms have evolved autoregulatory transcriptional‐translational feedback loops that produce oscillations with a period of approximately 24‐h. These endogenous time keeping mechanisms are called circadian clocks. The main function these clocks is to drive overt rhythms in the physiology ensure physiological functions synchrony external environment. Disruption caused by genetic or environmental factors has long‐term consequences for metabolic health. Of relevance, host rhythmicity and lipid metabolism increasingly recognized cross‐regulate clock‐lipid interplay may involve development obesity. Multiple systemic molecular mechanisms, such as hormones (ie, melatonin, leptin, glucocorticoid), gut microbiome, energy metabolism, link clock predictably, deregulation can increase risk obesity, which turn exacerbate disorganization. Feeding dietary nutrients two key Zeitgebers affecting rhythm‐lipid interplay, influencing obesity highlighted this review. Together, characterization machinery aimed at producing healthy lifestyle improve care.

Language: Английский

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Circadian Rhythms, Disease and Chronotherapy

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 503 - 531

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles sleep/wake, hormone release, metabolism. The adaptive value is evident when internal body daily environmental mismatched, such as in the case shift work jet lag or even mistimed eating, all which associated with physiological disruption disease. Studies animal human models have also unraveled an important role functional circadian modulating cellular organismal responses to cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus parasite infections), medical interventions medication). With growing knowledge molecular underlying pathophysiology, it becoming possible target for disease prevention treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances research potential therapeutic applications take patient into account treating

Language: Английский

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Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges

Acta Physiologica, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 231(3)

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Abstract Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes drives rhythmic biological functions, as well behavioural outputs with approximately 24‐hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so‐called pacemaker the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non‐SCN brain peripheral clocks, cell‐autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional machinery on molecular level, alignment among synchronization between exogenous cycles been shown be crucial for our health well‐being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges internal example artificial lighting, shift work trans‐meridian travel, potentially leading disruption or misalignment emergence of associated diseases. For instance many us experience mismatch sleep timing free days (social jetlag) everyday lives without being aware consequences may arise from such chronic misalignment, Hence, this review provides overview organization built‐up system, its interactions outside world, pathologies arising misalignment.

Language: Английский

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A randomized controlled trial to isolate the effects of fasting and energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic health in lean adults

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(598)

Published: June 16, 2021

Daily energy restriction more effectively reduces body fat content than alternate-day fasting, with no evidence of fasting-specific health benefits.

Language: Английский

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Human circadian variations

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(16)

Published: Aug. 15, 2021

Circadian rhythms, present in most phyla across life, are biological oscillations occurring on a daily cycle. Since the discovery of their molecular foundations model organisms, many inputs that modify this tightly controlled system humans have been identified. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence each person's circadian rhythm, contributing to trait known as chronotype, which manifests degree morning or evening preference an individual. Despite normal variation much society operates "one size fits all" schedule can be difficult adjust to, especially for certain individuals whose endogenous phase is extremely advanced delayed. This public health concern, misalignment associated with number adverse outcomes. Additionally, modern technology (such electric lights computer, tablet, phone screens emit blue light) lifestyles shift irregular work schedules) disrupting consistency increasing people. Though medical lifestyle interventions alleviate some these issues, growing research variability sensitivity suggests broader social changes may necessary minimize impact health.

Language: Английский

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The Circadian Clock and Viral Infections

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 9 - 22

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

The circadian clock controls several aspects of mammalian physiology and orchestrates the daily oscillations biological processes behavior. Our rhythms are driven by an endogenous central in brain that synchronizes with clocks peripheral tissues, thereby regulating our immune system severity infections. These affect pharmacokinetics efficacy therapeutic agents vaccines. core regulatory circuits clock-regulated host pathways provide fertile ground to identify novel antiviral therapies. An increased understanding role systems play virus infection response will inform clinical management these diseases. This review provides overview experimental evidence reporting on interplay between viral infections, highlighting importance virus-clock research.

Language: Английский

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