Microplastics as an Emerging Threat to the Global Environment and Human Health

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 10821 - 10821

Published: July 10, 2023

In recent years, there has been mounting concern about the bearing of microplastics on human health and comprehensive natural environment. These particles come from a variety sources, such as soaps, personal care products, rundown bigger plastic items. The impacts marine life other ecosystems are substantial, including ingestion by animals, interference with their reproductive systems, even death. economic implications also significant, industries, fishing tourism being affected presence in Exposure to can pose potential risks humans, respiratory digestive problems, well disrupt sleep, contribute obesity, increase risk diabetes. To address this issue, policies initiatives have put place reduce microplastic pollution, but challenges that need be overcome, lack awareness, limited resources, ineffective regulations. Further research is needed fully understand our develop effective strategies mitigate problem. article, we discussed requirement multifaceted approach reducing use, promoting proper disposal recycling waste, developing innovative technologies for capturing removing environment, raising public implementing regulations policies. It only through concerted efforts collaboration between individuals, governments threat tackled.

Language: Английский

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Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 22, 2024

Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between endogenous circadian clock and homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of internal is associated with an increased risk for obesity disturbances type 2 diabetes cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal aligned cellular rhythms optimize performance tissues organs. In this review, we provide overview effects discuss underlying mechanisms. Additionally, explore factors timing, including determinants chronotype genetics, well external influences like social factors, cultural aspects, work schedules. This review could contribute defining meal-timing-based recommendations public initiatives developing guidelines effective lifestyle modifications targeting prevention treatment Furthermore, it sheds light on must considered in design future intervention trials.

Language: Английский

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Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(4)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract The circadian timing system controls glucose metabolism in a time‐of‐day dependent manner. In mammals, the consists of main central clock bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks peripheral tissues. oscillations produced by these different with period approximately 24‐h are generated transcriptional‐translational feedback loops set core genes. Glucose homeostasis is one daily rhythms controlled this system. pacemaker SCN through its neural projections to hypothalamic hubs that control feeding behavior energy metabolism. Using hormones such as adrenal glucocorticoids melatonin autonomic nervous system, modulates critical processes production insulin sensitivity. Peripheral tissues, liver, muscle, adipose tissue serve enhance sustain signals. optimal situation all synchronized aligned environmental light/dark cycle. A negative impact on becomes apparent when internal disturbed, also known desynchrony or misalignment. Circadian may occur at several levels, mistiming light exposure sleep will especially affect clock, whereas food intake physical activity involve clocks. review, we summarize literature investigating how it result development resistance. addition, discuss potential strategies aimed reinstating synchrony improve sensitivity contribute prevention type 2 diabetes.

Language: Английский

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The blue light hazard and its use on the evaluation of photochemical risk for domestic lighting. An in vivo study

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 108471 - 108471

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Nowadays artificial light highly increases human exposure to leading circadian rhythm and sleep perturbations. Moreover, excessive of ocular structures photons can induce irreversible retinal damage. Meta-analyses showed that sunlight influences the age onset progression Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cause blindness in people over fifty-year old. Currently, blue-light hazard (BLH) curve is used evaluation phototoxicity a source for domestic lighting regulations. Here, we analyze threshold rats investigate role played by spectrum, assessing relevance use BLH-weighting define phototoxicity. We exposed albino increasing doses blue white light, or lights different colors evaluate impact each component spectrum on Cellular mechanisms cell death cellular stress induced were analyzed. Our results show currently accepted overestimated factor 50 when considering 550 concerning light. This result toxicity green promoting an inflammatory response. The content induces 8 fold more invasion macrophages retina than does not amount red radiations contained mitigates damage inhibiting nuclear translocation L-DNase II reducing 33% number TUNEL positive cells. These findings question current methods determine necessity take into account entire emission spectrum. As thresholds estimated with same rats, our suggest they might need be reconsidered.

Language: Английский

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Circadian disruption of feeding-fasting rhythm and its consequences for metabolic, immune, cancer, and cognitive processes

Biomedical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100827 - 100827

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The circadian system is composed by a central hypothalamic clock at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) that communicates with peripheral oscillators for daily coordination of behavior and physiology. SCN entrain to environmental 24-h light-dark (LD) cycle drive rhythms internal synchronizers such as core body temperature, hypothalamic-hypophysary hormones, sympathetic/parasympathetic activity, well behavioral feeding-fasting rhythms, which supply signals setting molecular clocks tissues. Steady phase relationships between keep homeostatic processes microbiota/microbiome composition/activity, metabolic supply/demand, energy balance, immunoinflammatory process, sleep amount quality, psychophysiological stress, etc. Indeed, risk health alterations increase when these are chronically changed prompting disruption (CD), occurring after sudden LD changes (so-called jet-lag), or due activity/feeding-rest/fasting rhythm respect cycles (as humans subjected nightwork, restricting food access rest in mice). Typical pathologies observed animal models CD epidemiological studies include syndrome, type-2 diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammation, cancer, disruption, decrease physical cognitive performance, mood, among others. present review discusses different aspects physiological dysregulations having altered potential translation human health.

Language: Английский

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Disturbances of Hormonal Circadian Rhythms by Light Pollution

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 7255 - 7255

Published: April 14, 2023

The circadian rhythms evolved to anticipate and cope with cyclic changes in environmental conditions. This adaptive function is currently compromised by increasing levels of artificial light at night (ALAN), which can represent a risk for the development diseases civilisation. causal links are not completely understood, this featured review focuses on chronodisruption neuroendocrine control physiology behaviour dim ALAN. published data indicate that low ALAN (2–5 lux) attenuate molecular mechanisms generating central oscillator, eliminate rhythmic dominant hormonal signals, such as melatonin, testosterone vasopressin, interfere rhythm glucocorticoid corticosterone rodents. These associated disturbed daily pattern metabolic behavioural activity food water intake. require identification pathways mediating possible negative consequences health design effective mitigation strategies or minimise effects pollution.

Language: Английский

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Association between napping and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 25, 2024

As the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly and its consequences are severe, effective intervention prevention, including sleep-related interventions, urgently needed. a component sleep architecture, naps, alone or in combination with nocturnal sleep, may influence onset progression T2DM. Overall, napping associated an increased risk T2DM women, especially postmenopausal White women. Our study showed that >30 minutes (min) by 8-21%. In addition, non-optimal nighttime increases risk, this effect combines napping. For nondiabetic patients, min could increase risks high HbA1c levels impaired fasting glucose (IFG), which would developing later on. diabetic prolonged further impair glycemic control complications (e.g., nephropathy) distant future. The following three mechanisms suggested as interpretations for association between First, important inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 C-reactive protein, elevating inflammation, adiposity Second, interaction hormonal changes insulin resistance. Third, also affect melatonin secretion interfering leading to circadian rhythm disruption This review summarizes existing evidence on provides detailed information future prevention strategies address

Language: Английский

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Crickets in the spotlight: exploring the impact of light on circadian behavior

Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 210(2), P. 267 - 279

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract Crickets serve as a well-established model organism in biological research spanning various fields, such behavior, physiology, neurobiology, and ecology. Cricket circadian behavior was first reported over century ago prompted wealth of studies delving into their chronobiology. Circadian rhythms have been described relation to fundamental cricket behaviors, encompassing stridulation locomotion, but also hormonal secretion gene expression. Here we review how changes illumination patterns light intensity differentially impact the different behaviors well We further describe cricket’s pacemaker. Ample anatomical manipulations support location major pacemaker optic lobes another central brain, possibly interconnected via signaling neuropeptide PDF. The machinery comprises molecular cascade based on two transcriptional/translational negative feedback loops, deviating somewhat from canonical Drosophila emphasizing significance exploring alternative models. Finally, nocturnal nature crickets has provided unique avenue for investigating repercussions artificial at night ecology, underscoring critical role played by natural cycles synchronizing populations, supporting use study effects insects. Some gaps our knowledge challenges future are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Light Pollution and Oxidative Stress: Effects on Retina and Human Health

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 362 - 362

Published: March 18, 2024

Visible light refers to the frequencies within electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see, encompassing radiation with wavelengths falling between 380 nm 760 nm. The energy of a single photon increases its frequency. In retina, photoreceptor cells contain light-sensitive pigments absorb and convert it into electrical stimuli through process known as phototransduction. However, since absorption photoreceptors closely aligns blue (ranging from 400 500 nm), exposure high intensities or continuous illumination result in oxidative stress these cells, leading loss their functionality. Apart retina also houses photosensitive ganglion intrinsically retinal (ipRGCs). These relay information suprachiasmatic nucleus brain, playing crucial role modulating melatonin secretion, which turn helps synchronizing body’s circadian rhythms responses seasonal changes. Both, ipRGCs skin possess peak sensitivity wavelengths, rendering them particularly susceptible effects excessive exposure. This study delves consequences and/or prolonged on function explores implications for human health.

Language: Английский

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Circadian rhythms and breast cancer: unraveling the biological clock’s role in tumor microenvironment and ageing

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 30, 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies among women worldwide. Circadian rhythms have emerged in recent studies as being involved pathogenesis breast cancer. In this paper, we reviewed molecular mechanisms by which dysregulation circadian genes impacts development BC, focusing on critical clock genes, brain muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK). We discussed how rhythm disruption (CRD) changes tumor microenvironment (TME), immune responses, inflammation, angiogenesis. The CRD compromises surveillance features activities effectors, including CD8+ T cells tumor-associated macrophages, that are important an effective anti-tumor response. Meanwhile, review, discuss bidirectional interactions: age rhythms, aging further increases risk through reduced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), affecting suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronization, ability to repair damaged DNA, weakened immunity. These complex interplays open new avenues toward targeted therapies combination drugs with chronotherapy potentiate response while reducing progression for better outcomes. This review tries cover broad area emerging knowledge tumor-immune nexus affected

Language: Английский

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